Английская Википедия:8-inch/55-caliber gun
The 8"/55 caliber gun (spoken "eight-inch-fifty-five-caliber") formed the main battery of United States Navy heavy cruisers and two early aircraft carriers. United States naval gun terminology indicates the gun barrel had an internal diameter of 8 inches (203 mm), and the barrel was 55 calibers long (barrel length is 8 inch × 55 = 440 inches or 36.6 feet or 11 meters).[1]
Mark 9
These built-up guns weighed about 30 tons including a liner, tube, jacket, and five hoops. A down-swing Welin breech block was closed by compressed air from the gas ejector system. Loading with two silk bags each containing Шаблон:Convert of smokeless powder gave a Шаблон:Convert projectile a velocity of 2800 feet per second (853 m/s).[2] Range was 18 miles Шаблон:Convert at the maximum elevation of 41 degrees.[2][3]
Mark 12
These simplified built-up guns eliminated hoops to reduce weight to 17 tons. The breech mechanism was similar and loading two silk bags each containing 43 pounds (20 kg) of smokeless powder gave a 335-pound (152 kg) projectile a velocity of 2500 feet per second (760 m/s).[2] Each gun could fire about four rounds per minute. Maximum range was Шаблон:Convert at the maximum elevation of 41 degrees.[4]
Mark 14
These guns were similar to Mark 9, with the same shell weight and maximum range,[3] with a smaller chamber and rifling twist increased from 1 in 35 to 1 in 25 in a chromium-plated bore.
Mark 15
These guns were similar to Mark 12, with the same shell weight and maximum range, with the smaller chamber of the Mark 14 gun.[4] Useful life expectancy was 715 effective full charges (EFC) per liner.
Mark 16
These self-loading guns with lined monobloc construction and vertical sliding breech blocks weighed about 20 tons. Semi-fixed ammunition (projectile and powder case handled separately) with 78 pounds (35 kg) of smokeless powder gave a 335-pound (152 kg) projectile a velocity of 2500 feet per second (760 m/s).[2] Each gun could fire about ten rounds per minute. Useful life expectancy was 780 EFC per liner. Range was 17 miles (27 kilometers) at the maximum elevation of 41 degrees.[2][5][6] This gun was modified for the experimental Major Caliber Lightweight Gun.
Coast defense use
The eight twin turrets of Шаблон:USS and Шаблон:USS were removed in early 1942 during refits at Pearl Harbor. The turrets were turned over to the United States Army Coast Artillery Corps and remounted as coastal artillery on Oahu. Four two-turret batteries were established at Salt Lake near Aliamanu Crater (Battery Salt Lake, later Battery Burgess),[7] Wiliwilinui Ridge Military Reservation (Battery Wilridge, later Battery Kirkpatrick),[8] Opaeula Military Reservation (Battery Opaeula, later Battery Riggs),[9] and Brodie Camp Military Reservation (Battery Brodie, later Battery George Ricker).[10][11][12][13] After the war, all of the guns and turrets were scrapped in 1948, along with almost all other US coast artillery.
One of Шаблон:USSШаблон:'s main battery 8 inch 55 caliber gun turrets (Turret No. 2) damaged in a kamikaze attack on January 5, 1945, was removed and taken to the Nevada Test Site and converted into a rotating radiation detector, to collect data on nuclear tests.[14]
Ships mounting 8"/55 caliber guns
- 2 Шаблон:Sclass (c. 1921 – 1925) aircraft carriers:[2]
- Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS
- Mk 9 guns in four 190-ton twin turrets
- removed in 1942 and added to Oahu coast defenses
- Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS
- 2 Шаблон:Sclass (c. 1927) heavy cruisers:[2]
- Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS
- Mk 9 (later Mk 14) guns in two 190-ton twin turrets and two 250-ton triple turrets
- Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS
- 6 Шаблон:Sclass (c. 1928) heavy cruisers:[2]
- 2 of 6: Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS
- Mk 9 guns in three 250-ton triple turrets
- Houston was sunk in March 1942, Chicago was sunk in January 1943
- 4 of 6: Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS
- Mk 9 (later Mk 14) guns in three 250-ton triple turrets
- 2 of 6: Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS
- 2 Шаблон:Sclass (c. 1930) heavy cruisers:[2]
- Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS
- Mk 9 (later Mk 14) guns in three 250-ton triple turrets
- Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS
- 7 Шаблон:Sclass (c. 1931) heavy cruisers:
- 3 of 7: 294 ton triple turrets
- Шаблон:USS: Mk 9 guns (sunk in 08/1942)
- Шаблон:USS: Mk 9 (later Mk 14) guns
- Шаблон:USS: Mk 9 (later Mk 15) guns
- 4 of 7: Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS
- Mk 12 guns in three 250-ton triple turrets
- 3 of 7: 294 ton triple turrets
- Шаблон:USS
- Mk 12 guns in three 314-ton triple turrets
- 14 Шаблон:Sclass (c. 1941) heavy cruisers:[2]
- 1 of 14: Шаблон:USS
- Mk 12 guns in three 300-ton triple turrets
- 13 of 14: Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS
- Mk 15 guns in three 300-ton triple turrets
- 1 of 14: Шаблон:USS
- 3 Шаблон:Sclass (c. 1944) heavy cruisers:[2]
- Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS
- Mk 15 guns in three 300-ton triple turrets
- Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS
- 3 Шаблон:Sclass (c. 1945) heavy cruisers:[2]
- Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS
- Mk 16 guns in three 450-ton triple turrets
- Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS
- 1 ex-Шаблон:Sclass: Шаблон:USS
- Mk 16 gun in one 86-ton single automatic mount 8"/55 caliber Mark 71 gun installation
| Ship | Gun Installation[2] |
|---|---|
| Шаблон:USS | Mk 9 guns in four 190-ton twin turrets |
| Шаблон:USS | Mk 9 guns in four 190-ton twin turrets |
| Шаблон:USS | Mk 9 (later Mk 14) guns in two 190-ton twin turrets and two 250-ton triple turrets |
| Шаблон:USS | Mk 9 (later Mk 14) guns in two 190-ton twin turrets and two 250-ton triple turrets |
| Шаблон:USS | Mk 9 (later Mk 14) guns in three 250-ton triple turrets |
| Шаблон:USS | Mk 9 (later Mk 14) guns in three 250-ton triple turrets |
| Шаблон:USS | Mk 9 (later Mk 14) guns in three 250-ton triple turrets |
| Шаблон:USS | Mk 9 guns in three 250-ton triple turrets |
| Шаблон:USS | Mk 9 guns in three 250-ton triple turrets |
| Шаблон:USS | Mk 9 (later Mk 14) guns in three 250-ton triple turrets |
| Шаблон:USS | Mk 9 (later Mk 14) guns in three 294-ton triple turrets |
| Шаблон:USS | Mk 9 (later Mk 14) guns in three 250-ton triple turrets |
| Шаблон:USS | Mk 9 guns in three 294-ton triple turrets |
| Шаблон:USS | Mk 9 (later Mk 14) guns in three 250-ton triple turrets |
| Шаблон:USS | Mk 9 (later Mk 15) guns in three 294-ton triple turrets |
| Шаблон:USS | Mk 12 guns in three 250-ton triple turrets |
| Шаблон:USS | Mk 12 guns in three 250-ton triple turrets |
| Шаблон:USS | Mk 12 guns in three 250-ton triple turrets |
| Шаблон:USS | Mk 12 guns in three 250-ton triple turrets |
| Шаблон:USS | Mk 12 guns in three 314-ton triple turrets |
| Шаблон:USS | Mk 12 guns in three 300-ton triple turrets |
| Шаблон:USS CAG-1 | Mk 15 guns in three 300-ton triple turrets |
| Шаблон:USS CAG-2 | Mk 15 guns in three 300-ton triple turrets |
| Шаблон:USS | Mk 15 guns in three 300-ton triple turrets |
| Шаблон:USS | Mk 15 guns in three 300-ton triple turrets |
| Шаблон:USS | Mk 15 guns in three 300-ton triple turrets |
| Шаблон:USS | Mk 15 guns in three 300-ton triple turrets |
| Шаблон:USS | Mk 15 guns in three 300-ton triple turrets |
| Шаблон:USS | Mk 15 guns in three 300-ton triple turrets |
| Шаблон:USS | Mk 15 guns in three 300-ton triple turrets |
| Шаблон:USS | Mk 15 guns in three 300-ton triple turrets |
| Шаблон:USS | Mk 15 guns in three 300-ton triple turrets |
| Шаблон:USS | Mk 15 guns in three 300-ton triple turrets |
| Шаблон:USS | Mk 15 guns in three 300-ton triple turrets |
| Шаблон:USS | Mk 15 guns in three 300-ton triple turrets |
| Шаблон:USS | Mk 16 guns in three 450-ton triple turrets |
| Шаблон:USS | Mk 15 guns in three 300-ton triple turrets |
| Шаблон:USS | Mk 15 guns in three 300-ton triple turrets |
| Шаблон:USS | Mk 16 guns in three 450-ton triple turrets |
| Шаблон:USS | Mk 16 guns in three 450-ton triple turrets |
| Шаблон:USS | Mk 16 gun in one 86-ton single automatic mount (8"/55 caliber Mark 71 gun installation) |
See also
- 8"/55 caliber Mark 71 gun 1970s US experimental program
Weapons of comparable role, performance and era
- 203mm/50 Modèle 1924 gun French equivalent
- 20.3 cm SK C/34 Naval gun German equivalent
- 203 mm /53 Italian naval gun Italian equivalent
- 20 cm/50 3rd Year Type naval gun Japanese equivalent
- BL 8 inch Mk VIII naval gun UK equivalent
References
Bibliography
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- "Mystery in the Desert Is a Mystery No More".
External links
- ↑ Fairfield 1921 p.156
- ↑ 2,00 2,01 2,02 2,03 2,04 2,05 2,06 2,07 2,08 2,09 2,10 2,11 2,12 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокCampbellне указан текст - ↑ 3,0 3,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ "New Cruiser Packs 8 inch Automatics" , May 1949, Popular Science detailed illustrations of Mark 16
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ FortWiki article on Battery Burgess
- ↑ FortWiki article on Battery Kirkpatrick
- ↑ ForWiki article on Battery Riggs
- ↑ FortWiki article on Battery George Ricker
- ↑ FortWiki article on Hawaii turret batteries
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ List of all US coastal forts and batteries at the Coast Defense Study Group, Inc. website
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- Английская Википедия
- Страницы с неработающими файловыми ссылками
- World War II naval weapons
- Naval guns of the United States
- 203 mm artillery
- Coastal artillery
- Military equipment introduced in the 1920s
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
- Статья из Английской Википедии
- Страницы с ошибками в примечаниях
,_USS_Pensacola_(CA-24)_and_USS_New_Orleans_(CA-32)_at_Pearl_Harbor_on_31_October_1943.jpg){kind=link}
_firing_at_targets_in_Korea,_in_August_1950_(NH_96898).jpg){kind=link}
_fires_at_targets_at_Inchon,_in_September_1950.jpg){kind=link}
_off_Hungnam_December_1950.jpg){kind=link}
_October_1966.jpg){kind=link}