Английская Википедия:AMX-10P
Шаблон:About Шаблон:Infobox weapon
The AMX-10P is a French amphibious infantry fighting vehicle. It was developed from 1965 onwards to replace the AMX-VCI in the French Army.[1] It served with the French Army from its introduction in 1973 until its retirement in 2015, when it was fully replaced by the VBCI.[2][3]
The AMX-10P was also successfully exported, and continues to serve with several nations' militaries. It was selected by a number of Arab armies and has been operated by Iraq, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates.[4] Special marine variants were developed for Singapore and Indonesia, including the AMX-10 PAC 90 fire support version with a 90 mm gun.[5][1]
The AMX-10P is fully amphibious, being propelled through water at speeds of up to 7 km/h by twin waterjets. It is fitted as standard with a trim vane and bilge pumps to assist with the flotation process.[4] The AMX-10P shares a number of common transmission and chassis components with its wheeled counterpart, the AMX-10 RC.[2]
Development history
The AMX-10P was developed by the Atelier de Construction d'Issy-les-Moulineaux (AMX) in response to a French army requirement for a new tracked armoured fighting vehicle to supplement or replace the ageing AMX-VCI.[1] The first prototypes were completed around 1968. They were showcased to potential domestic and international customers at Satory in 1969.[2] Production did not commence until the French Army placed its first order in late 1972.[2] The first AMX-10Ps were delivered in mid to late 1973 to the 7th Mechanised Brigade stationed at Reims.[2]
French Army AMX-10Ps were fitted with a 20 mm autocannon in a Toucan II two-man turret with seating for a gunner and commander. Other one-man turrets could be fitted, as well as an observation cupola for training vehicles.[1] Export variants of the AMX-10P abounded, including models equipped with battlefield surveillance radars, the ATILA artillery fire control system, a bank of HOT anti-tank missiles, 60 mm or 81 mm gun-mortars, and a large 90 mm gun.[1]
Greece was the first foreign power to purchase the AMX-10P. Between 1974 and 1977 the Hellenic Army ordered over 100 vehicles in three separate variants.[6] Qatar ordered 30 AMX-10Ps in 1975, while Iraq, Saudi Arabia and Indonesia accounted for large export orders during the early 1980s.[6] GIAT Industries accepted a final order from Singapore for AMX-10P PAC-90s in 1994,[6] following which the production lines were closed.[5] At this point 1,750 AMX-10Ps had been manufactured.[5]
108 AMX-10Ps underwent extensive overhauls to improve their armour and mobility between 2006 and 2008, including new gearboxes and suspension systems.[7] By 2015, however, the AMX-10P had been entirely withdrawn from French service, being replaced by the VBCI.[3]
Description
AMX-10P hulls are fabricated from a welded steel[2] or aluminum alloy[4] and notable for their parallel incorporation of the driving and engine compartments. The driver is seated at the front of the vehicle and to the left.[2] An AMX-10P's driving compartment is provided with a single hatch cover opening to the rear and three periscopes intended for observation purposes when the hatch is closed.[2]
Night vision equipment was not fitted as standard to the base production model. One of the three driving periscopes could be replaced with combined day/night intensification sights as needed.[2] The troop compartment is at the rear of the hull, and provided with two roof hatches. Passengers embark and debark from a ramp, which is accessed through two doors at the rear.[2]
Transmission consists of a hydraulic torque converter coupled to a gearbox with one reverse and four forward driving gears.[2] The AMX-10P utilises a torsion bar suspension, which supports five road wheels with the drive sprocket at the front and idler near the rear.[2] These can be accessed from inside the hull through maintenance panels.[2]
Standard AMX-10P turrets are equipped with a GIAT M693 automatic cannon firing two different types of both high explosive ammunition and armour-piercing ammunition.[2] More than one ammunition type may be loaded at once and fired alternatively.[8] The high explosive rounds have a muzzle velocity of 1,050 m/s. The latest armour-piercing round has a muzzle velocity of 1,300 m/s and is capable of penetrating 20 mm of rolled homogeneous armour at an incidence of 60°.[2] The autocannon has a cyclic rate of fire of 740 rounds per minute, with the gunner being able to switch between semiautomatic, limited burst, or fully automatic fire as necessary.[8]
External
AMX-10Ps have a very distinctive, pointed hull and a sloping glacis plate, with the driver's position plainly visible to the left.[4] The hull roof is horizontal as well as sloped slightly inwards, accommodating a turret ring near the centre of the chassis.[4] Both hull sides are vertical and lack firing ports.[4] There is a circular exhaust outlet on the right side of the hull above the second and third road wheels.[4]
Variants
- AMX-10P: Standard production model. Armed with a two-man Toucan II turret and a M963 F2 20 mm autocannon.[1]
- AMX-10P 25: AMX-10P with a one-man Dragar turret and a M811 25 mm autocannon.[1] This was trialled by the French Army but not adopted into service.[4] It was later adopted by the Singapore Armed Forces.[5]
- AMX-10P Marine: AMX-10P with improved amphibious capabilities and a modified propulsion system that allowed for top speeds of up to 10 km/h in water.[1] This variant was developed for the Indonesian Marine Corps.[1]
- AMX-10P Sanitaire: A turretless AMX-10P designed as an ambulance vehicle.[1] It carried a wide range of medical equipment.[2]
- AMX-10ECH: AMX-10P modified as an armoured recovery vehicle, including a large hydraulic crane.[4] Also known as the AMX-10D.[2]
- AMX-10P/HOT: AMX-10P carrying HOT anti-tank missiles.[4] Two external HOT launchers were located on either side of the hull, with an additional twenty missiles stored outside.[2] This variant was developed for the Saudi Arabian Army.[5] At least 92 were manufactured.[6]
- AMX-10PC: AMX-10P modified as a command vehicle, including additional radios, a collapsible awning on either side of the hull, and a large generator on the hull roof.[2]
- AMX-10 RATAC: An unarmed AMX-10P with a RATAC fire control radar mounted over its turret ring and a tracing table located inside the hull.[2]
- AMX-10RAV: AMX-10P modified as a general cargo transporter. The French Army used this model to transport artillery ammunition.[1]
- AMX-10RC: Wheeled variant of the AMX-10P developed for armed reconnaissance.[1]
- AMX-10SAO: AMX-10P modified as a mobile forward artillery observation post. It possessed a long-range laser rangefinder in its turret, as well as a 7.62mm machine gun.[1]
- AMX-10SAT: AMX-10P modified as an artillery survey vehicle.[5] It was fitted with a custom navigation system.[1]
- AMX-10TM: AMX-10P modified as an artillery tractor, with a new one-man turret and its rear ramp removed.[2] It towed a F1 120 mm mortar and carried 60 mortar projectiles.[1]
- AMX-10VOA: AMX-10P modified as a mobile forward artillery observation post. It possessed a slightly different turret from the AMX-10SAO.[1]
- AMX-10VFA: AMX-10P carrying the ATILA artillery fire control system.[1] This spawned two sub-variants of its own, the more simplified AMX-10VLA, and the more sophisticated AMX-10VFA.[1]
- AMX-10P TMC-81: AMX-10P with an 81 mm breech loading, Hotchkiss-Brandt CL-81 gun-mortar.[1] Similar in concept to the earlier CM60A1, the CL-81 fired both high explosive and armour-piercing shells.[1]
- AMX-10P PAC-90: AMX-10P with the complete turret and 90 mm main gun assembly of the Panhard ERC-90 Sagaie armoured car.[1] It carried 30 90 mm shells and 2,000 rounds of 7.62mm machine gun ammunition.[1] This variant was marketed primarily to Indonesia and Singapore.[5]
- AMX-10M: Modified AMX-10M to fitted the 142mm ACRA Launcher with 20mm secondary gun.[9][10]
Operators
- Шаблон:Flag: 25[6]
- Шаблон:Flag: 34[6]
- Шаблон:Flag: 100;[6] some modernized in 2015[11]
- Шаблон:Flag: 10[12]
- Шаблон:Flag: 40[6]
- Шаблон:Flag: 293[6]
- Шаблон:Flag: 15[6]
Former operators
- Шаблон:Flag: 331 in service in 2011;[13] withdrawn from service in 2015.[3][14]
- Шаблон:Flag: 105[6]
- Шаблон:Flag: 44[6]
See also
AMX series
Vehicles of comparable role, performance, and era
References
External links
Шаблон:ColdWarFrenchAFVs Шаблон:ModernFrenchAFVs Шаблон:French Army Vehicle
- ↑ 1,00 1,01 1,02 1,03 1,04 1,05 1,06 1,07 1,08 1,09 1,10 1,11 1,12 1,13 1,14 1,15 1,16 1,17 1,18 1,19 1,20 1,21 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>
; для сносокCompendium
не указан текст - ↑ 2,00 2,01 2,02 2,03 2,04 2,05 2,06 2,07 2,08 2,09 2,10 2,11 2,12 2,13 2,14 2,15 2,16 2,17 2,18 2,19 2,20 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
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; для сносокO'Malley
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; для сносокJane3
не указан текст - ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ https://imgbb.com/9GHCccg
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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