Английская Википедия:Allen Francis Gardiner

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Шаблон:For Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox person Allen Francis Gardiner was a British missionary and Royal Navy officer.

Biography

Gardiner was the fifth son of Samuel Gardiner of Coombe Lodge, Oxfordshire, by Mary, daughter of Charles Boddam of Capel House, Bull's Cross, Enfield, Middlesex. He was born on 28 January 1794 in the parsonage house at Basildon, Berkshire, where his parents were temporarily residing. He was religiously educated, and in May 1808 entered the Royal Naval College, Portsmouth.Шаблон:Sfn

Naval career

On 20 June 1810 he went to sea as a volunteer on board Шаблон:HMS. He next served on Шаблон:HMS as a midshipman during the War of 1812 until August 1814. He distinguished himself in the capture of the American frigate Шаблон:USS, and was sent to England as acting lieutenant of that prize. Being confirmed as lieutenant on 13 December, he served in the frigate Шаблон:HMS in the Mediterranean Fleet, then in Шаблон:HMS, and Шаблон:HMS in various parts of the world.

He returned invalided to Portsmouth on 31 October 1822.

As second lieutenant of Шаблон:HMS, Gardiner was at Newfoundland in 1824, and in 1825 returned to England in charge of Clinker. He was promoted to commander on 13 September 1826. After that, although he often applied for positions in the Royal Navy, he never succeeded in obtaining another appointment.Шаблон:Sfn

On 1 July 1823, Gardiner married Julia Susanna, second daughter of John Reade and his wife of Ipsden House, Ipsden, Oxfordshire. They had several children together including one son, Allen W. Gardiner. Not all his daughters survived to adulthood. Julia Gardiner died in the Isle of Wight on 23 May 1834.

About two years later, Gardiner married secondly, on 7 October 1836, Elizabeth Lydia, eldest daughter of the Rev. Edward Garrard Marsh, vicar of Aylesford, Kent.Шаблон:Sfn

Work

Long interested in the missionary work being done in non-Christian populations, after the death of one of his daughters, he decided to enter that field. With this view Gardiner went to Africa in 1834. Exploring the Zulu country, he started the first missiombanathi on near the Tongaat river.Шаблон:Sfn The took the name Hambanathi, which means "come with us" in the Zulu language from Шаблон:Bible verse.

From 1838 to 1843, Gardiner laboured among the indigenous peoples of Chile, and went from island to island in the Indian Archipelago (now called Tierra del Fuego). His efforts were foiled by the opposition of the various governments.Шаблон:Sfn

Gardiner's first visit to Tierra del Fuego took place 22 March 1842, when, coming from the Falkland Islands in the schooner Montgomery, he landed in Oazy harbour. He appealed to the Church Missionary Society to send missionaries to Patagonia, but was declined for lack of funds to support such a distant endeavour. Similarly, he appealed to the Wesleyan and London Missionary societies.

In 1844 a special society was formed for South America, which took the name of the Patagonian Missionary Society.Шаблон:Sfn Robert Hunt, a schoolmaster, was sent out as the first missionary and accompanied by Gardiner. They were unable to establish a mission and returned to England in June 1845. Gardiner departed England again 23 September 1845, and, in company with Federico Gonzales, a Spanish Protestant, from whom he learnt Spanish, went to Bolivia. They distributed Bibles to the Indian population, but were strongly opposed by the Roman Catholics, who were the predominant Christian group in the country.

He established Gonzales as a missionary at Potosi, and returned to England, landing at Southampton on 8 February 1847. The next year he sailed to Tierra del Fuego, where he surveyed the islands with a view to a mission, and suffered great hardships. He tried to interest the Moravian Brethren and the Foreign Missions of the Church of Scotland in this enterprise, but neither could render any aid. He proposed that a mission should be established on a substantial ship, rather than trying to set up one on land. At last, a lady at Cheltenham having given £700, the mission was determined on.

Accompanied by Richard Williams, surgeon; Joseph Erwin, ship-carpenter; John Maidment, catechist; and three Cornish fishermen, Pearce, Badcock, and Bryant, Gardiner sailed from Liverpool on 7 September 1850 in Ocean Queen. The party landed at Picton Island on 5 December. He had with him two launches, each Шаблон:Convert long, in which had been stowed provisions to last for six months. The Yahgan people were hostile, the climate severe, and the country barren. The party were also hindered by failures such as the devastating realisation that they had left nearly all their shot on the ship, leaving them unable to hunt for fresh food. Six months elapsed without the arrival of additional supplies, which were detained at the Falkland Islands for want of a vessel. After relocating to Spaniard Harbour on the southeast coast of the main island, the unfortunate men gradually died of starvation. Gardiner, the last survivor, is believed to have died on 6 September 1851.Шаблон:Sfn

On 21 October the vessel John Davison arrived to resupply the group, and found all the men dead. On 6 January 1852 Шаблон:HMS visited the place, but all the sailors could do was to bury the bodies and bring away Gardiner's journal. Two years later in 1854, Шаблон:Ship, an 88-ton schooner named for him, was sent out to Patagonia as a British missionary ship. In 1856 Allen W. Gardiner, the captain's only son, went to that country as a missionary.Шаблон:Sfn

Commemoration

An islet in the Chilean group of islands which includes Picton island remains named after Gardiner. The street in Durban named in his honour, was later renamed Dorothy Nyembe Street, to honour a South African activist and as part of the city's renaming process.

Allen Gardiner is remembered in the Church of England with a commemoration on 6 September.

Publications

His works include:Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Refbegin

1. Шаблон:Cite book with Thomas J. Maslin
2. Шаблон:Cite book
3. Шаблон:Cite book
4. Шаблон:Cite book

See also

• Port Famine

Notes and references

• Шаблон:Cite DNB
• Шаблон:Cite news
• Шаблон:Cite web
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite wikisource
• Шаблон:Cite book

Further reading

• Bridges, E L (1948) The Uttermost Part of the Earth Republished 2008, Overlook Press Шаблон:ISBN

External links

• Captain Allen Francis Gardiner papers at the Killie Campbell Museum