Английская Википедия:Apellai
Apellai (Шаблон:Lang-grc-gre), was a three-day family-festival of the Northwest Greeks similar with the Ionic Apaturia, which was dedicated to Apollo (Doric form: Шаблон:Lang).[1] The fest was spread in Greece by the Dorians as it is proved by the use of the month Apellaios (Шаблон:Lang or Шаблон:Lang in Ionic Tenos), in various Dorian states.[2]
The word is derived from the Ancient Macedonian word pélla (Шаблон:Lang), "stone", (Heshychius) which appears in some toponyms in Greece like Pella (Шаблон:Lang), Pellene (Шаблон:Lang)[3][4][5] Robert Beekes suggests that the word Шаблон:Lang has probably Pre-Greek origin.[6] The Doric word apella (Шаблон:Lang) originally meant wall, enclosure of stones, and later assembly of people within the limits of the square . The word usually appears in plural.[7][8] Robert Beekes derives the word from the verb Шаблон:Lang,[9] Шаблон:Lang[10]("shut off from or out from") therefore apella is the "enclosed space, meeting space".[11]
When a pubescent was received into the body of grown men, as a grown Kouros (male youth) he became Шаблон:Lang (apellax, "sharer in secret rites") and he could enter the apellai. The apellaia were the offerings made at the initiation of the young men at a meeting of a family group.[12]
Apellaion is the offering of a part of the hair to the god, and corresponds to the Koureion of the Apaturia.[13] Apellaios is the month of these rites, and Apellon is the "megistos kouros" (the great Kouros).[14]
Ancient practice
There is evidence for this festival in Epidauros, Olous, Kalchedon, "Heracleia" at Siris, Tauromenion, Chaleion, Lamia, Oeta (Шаблон:Lang (Oetē)),[15] Tolophon, Delphi and also in Ancient Macedonia.[16][17] The phratry (‘brotherhood’) controlled the access to civic rights. The three-day family-festival included initiation ceremonies, not concerning the state:
- A father introduced his young child
- A father presented his son again, later, as grown youth (kouros)
- A husband presented his wife after the marriage
The corresponding names for the offerings made were paideia (child), apellaia (kouros) and gamela (marriage, Greek: γάμος gamos).[1]
It is almost sure that the fest belonged originally to Apollo, because his name is used in the oaths only near Poseidon Phratrios and Zeus Patroοs. In Athens a common epithet of Apollo as family-god is "Apollo Patroos".[18][19][20]
See also
Νotes
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Walter Burkert (1985) Greek Religion. Harvard University Press. p. 255
- ↑ Ἀπελλαῖος
- ↑ Solders (Hesychius) p.204 Schol.Ulp. Demosth. XIX 155 : Nilsson Vol I p.558
- ↑ pella, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek–English Lexicon
- ↑ Αlso: Pellana, Pella (Thessaly), Pallene etc.
- ↑ R. S. P. Beekes Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, 2009, p. 1168).
- ↑ Spartan verb: Шаблон:Lang: "to assemble", and the festival Шаблон:Lang, which surely belonged to Apollo: Nilsson, Vol I, p. 556
- ↑ ἀπελλάζω
- ↑ ἀπείλλω
- ↑ αποκλείω
- ↑ Beekes Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, 2009, p. 115.
- ↑ ἀπελλαῖα
- ↑ Nilsson, Vol I, pp. 137, 556
- ↑ Jane Ellen Harrison (2010): Themis: A study to the Social origins of Greek Religion. Cambridge University Press. p. 441. Шаблон:ISBN
- ↑ A city on the territory of the Malians.Шаблон:Cite DGRG
- ↑ Martin Nilsson, Die Geschichte der Griechische Religion, vol. I (C. H. Beck), 1955, pp. 555–556
- ↑ Compare Hesychius: Шаблон:Lang: Sharers in secret rites Nilsson, Vol I, p. 556
- ↑ Plato, Euthyd., 302c
- ↑ Demosth. XVIII 141: "To Apollo Pythios, who is the father of the city.": Nilsson, Vol I, p. 556
- ↑ Temple of Apollo Patroos