Английская Википедия:Atatürk Airport

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Expand Turkish Шаблон:Infobox airport

Atatürk Airport Шаблон:Airport codes (former IATA code: IST) (Шаблон:Lang-tr) was the primary international airport of Istanbul until it was closed to commercial passenger flights on 6 April 2019. From that point, all flights were transferred to the new Istanbul Airport.[1][2] All freight operations subsequently relocated as well by 5 February 2022[3] after which the airport continued to serve general aviation until its final closure. It used to be the hub of Turkish Airlines; however, it is now only in use for private jets.

History

Файл:Atatürk Kemal.jpg
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of the modern Turkey and the airport's namesake.

Growth and development

In 1911, a small apron with two hangars was built in Yeşilköy, Istanbul, for the Ottoman Armed Forces.[4] Mustafa Kemal Atatürk founded Türk Tayyare Cemiyeti (Turkish Aircraft Company, today Türk Hava Kurumu - THK) in 1925. In 1933, today's Turkish Airlines, the Türkiye Devlet Hava Yolları started its flights with two Curtiss Kingbird aircraft. Flights from Istanbul to Ankara and Athens began. The small apron was expanded and a new passenger terminal was built. This is considered the beginning of the airport's 86-year history. It was originally named Yeşilköy Airport. In the 1980s, it was renamed Atatürk International Airport.

It served more than 60 million passengers in 2015, making it the 11th-busiest airport in the world in terms of total passenger traffic and the 10th-busiest in the world in terms of international passenger traffic. In 2017, it was Europe's 5th-busiest airport after London–Heathrow, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Frankfurt Airport, and Amsterdam Airport Schiphol, having fallen from third place after a decline in passengers due to security fears.[5]

Closure

Istanbul Atatürk Airport was replaced in regards to commercial passenger functions by the newly constructed Istanbul Airport, in April 2019, in order to meet Istanbul's growing domestic and international air traffic demand as a source, destination, and transit point. Both airports were used in parallel for five months from late 2018, with the new airport gradually expanding to serve more domestic and regional destinations.[6] On 6 April 2019, Atatürk's IST IATA airport code was inherited by Istanbul Airport and Atatürk Airport was assigned the code ISL after the full transfer of all scheduled passenger activities to the new airport was completed.[7] The final commercial flight, Turkish Airlines Flight 54, left Atatürk Airport on 6 April 2019 at 2:44am for Singapore.[8]

On 5 February 2022, Turkish Cargo relocated all cargo flights and operations from their former hub at the airport to the new Istanbul Airport.[9][10]

Atatürk Airport National Garden

Turkey's government announced its plans to construct a giant park on the grounds of the former Istanbul Atatürk Airport (whose operations are transferred to the new Istanbul Airport) in 2019.[11] The park is part of a larger urban transformation plan that seeks to correct some of the haphazard urban planning that characterised most major Turkish cities since the 1970s.[12] Due to the little space available to construct or expand green spaces, new parks are often constructed on spots formerly occupied by factories or other major facilities.[11]

The Atatürk Airport National Garden will be constructed on and around one of the two runways of Atatürk Airport.[13] This runway was already rendered unusable after it was chosen as the site for Istanbul's pandemic hospital in early 2020.[14] More than 132,500 trees are to be planted in place of the asphalt runway and taxiways that will also help to keep the city cooler.[11] The other runway is set to remain in use for select cargo and private jet flights, aviation fairs (such as Teknofest) and for use by the Turkish Air Force (which still maintains a small training base and museum here).[12]

The leader of the Republican People's Party (CHP) Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu called the proposed construction of the park ''treason'' and threatened to hold those responsible to account.[15]

Facilities

Файл:Photography by Victor Albert Grigas (1919-2017) April 1970 Rome to Turkey 00468 (48309481577).jpg
The original terminal at Yeşilköy in 1970.
Файл:An Aerial View of Yeşilköy Airport - İstanbul Atatürk Aiport (12985308504).jpg
The former main terminal inaugurated in 1983, which then served as the domestic section until 2019.
Файл:Istanbul Airport Turkish-Airlines 2013-11-18 (3).jpg
The now defunct main passenger terminal in 2013.

Former passenger terminals

Istanbul Atatürk Airport featured two passenger terminals linked to each other.[16] The former domestic terminal is the older and smaller of the two terminals and exclusively handled domestic flights within Turkey. It featured its own check-in and airside facilities on the upper floor, with twelve departure gates equipped with jet bridges[16] and five baggage claim belts on the ground level.[16] The former international terminal was inaugurated in 2000 and used for all international flights. It featured a large main hall containing 8 check-in aisles and a wide range of airside facilities such as shops and restaurants, 34 gates equipped with jet bridges, and 7 bus-boarding stands. The arrivals floor had 11 baggage claim belts.[16] In addition, there is a general aviation terminal to the northwest of the passenger terminals.[17]

Former cargo terminal

The airport featured a dedicated cargo terminal including facilities for the handling of radioactive and refrigerated freight.[18]

Other facilities

Former airlines and destinations

As of April 2019, all passenger operations have been relocated to the new Istanbul Airport. As of February 2022, all cargo operations have been relocated to the new airport as well.[3] Currently, the airport serves only private and business jets[22] as well as operations on behalf of the Government of Turkey.

Statistics

Istanbul Atatürk Airport ranked 17th in ACI statistics at the end of 2011 in terms of international traffic with almost 24 million international passengers. It ranked 29th in the world in terms of total passenger traffic with over 37.4 million passengers in 2011. Its total traffic within the last decade more than tripled, and its international traffic quadrupled.[23][24] Passenger statistics for Istanbul Atatürk Airport for the years 2002–2019 are below.[25]

Шаблон:Airport-Statistics

Passenger statistics at Istanbul Atatürk Airport[25]
Year Domestic
passengers
Passenger
% change
International
passenger
Passenger
% change
Total
passenger
Passenger
% change
World rank
international
World rank
total
2019 4,236,203 Шаблон:Decrease 11,876,601 Шаблон:Decrease 16,112,804 Шаблон:Decrease Шаблон:Nochange Шаблон:Nochange
2018[26] 19,170,141 Шаблон:Decrease2 48,811,305 Шаблон:Increase10 67,981,446 Шаблон:Increase6 10th 17th
2017[27] 19,450,347 Шаблон:Increase2 44,277,101 Шаблон:Increase7 63,727,448 Шаблон:Increase5 11th 15th
2016 19,099,874 Шаблон:Decrease1 41,019,341 Шаблон:Decrease2 60,119,215 Шаблон:Decrease2 11th[28] 14th[29]
2015[30] 19,375,402 Шаблон:Increase4 41,947,327 Шаблон:Increase10 61,322,729 Шаблон:Increase8 10th[31] 11th[32]
2014 18,754,002 Шаблон:Increase9 38,200,788 Шаблон:Increase12 56,954,790[33] Шаблон:Increase11 9th 13th[34]
2013 17,224,105 Шаблон:Increase13 34,096,770 Шаблон:Increase14 51,320,875 Шаблон:Increase14 10th 18th
2012 15,281,321 Шаблон:IncreaseШаблон:Sort 29,717,196 Шаблон:IncreaseШаблон:Sort 44,998,508 Шаблон:IncreaseШаблон:Sort 13th[35] 21st[36]
2011 13,604,352 Шаблон:IncreaseШаблон:Sort 23,847,835 Шаблон:IncreaseШаблон:Sort 37,452,187 Шаблон:IncreaseШаблон:Sort 17th 28th
2010 11,800,999 Шаблон:IncreaseШаблон:Sort 20,344,620 Шаблон:IncreaseШаблон:Sort 32,145,619 Шаблон:IncreaseШаблон:Sort 19th 37th
2009 11,393,645 Шаблон:DecreaseШаблон:Sort 18,363,739 Шаблон:IncreaseШаблон:Sort 29,757,384 Шаблон:IncreaseШаблон:Sort Шаблон:Nochange Шаблон:Nochange
2008 11,484,063 Шаблон:IncreaseШаблон:Sort 17,069,069 Шаблон:IncreaseШаблон:Sort 28,553,132 Шаблон:IncreaseШаблон:Sort Шаблон:Nochange Шаблон:Nochange
2007 9,595,923 Шаблон:IncreaseШаблон:Sort 13,600,306 Шаблон:IncreaseШаблон:Sort 23,196,229 Шаблон:IncreaseШаблон:Sort Шаблон:Nochange Шаблон:Nochange
2006 9,091,693 Шаблон:IncreaseШаблон:Sort 12,174,281 Шаблон:IncreaseШаблон:Sort 21,265,974 Шаблон:IncreaseШаблон:Sort Шаблон:Nochange Шаблон:Nochange
2005 7,512,282 Шаблон:IncreaseШаблон:Sort 11,781,487 Шаблон:IncreaseШаблон:Sort 19,293,769 Шаблон:IncreaseШаблон:Sort Шаблон:Nochange Шаблон:Nochange
2004 5,430,925 Шаблон:IncreaseШаблон:Sort 10,169,676 Шаблон:IncreaseШаблон:Sort 15,600,601 Шаблон:IncreaseШаблон:Sort Шаблон:Nochange Шаблон:Nochange
2003 3,196,045 Шаблон:IncreaseШаблон:Sort 8,908,268 Шаблон:IncreaseШаблон:Sort 12,104,342 Шаблон:IncreaseШаблон:Sort Шаблон:Nochange Шаблон:Nochange
2002 2,851,487 Шаблон:Nochange 8,506,204 Шаблон:Nochange 11,357,691 Шаблон:Nochange Шаблон:Nochange Шаблон:Nochange

Accidents and incidents

  • On 30 January 1975, Turkish Airlines Flight 345, crashed into the Sea of Marmara during its final approach to the airport. All 42 passengers and crew on board were killed.[37]
  • On 25 April 2015, Turkish Airlines Flight 1878, operated by an A320-200, TC-JPE was severely damaged in a landing accident. The aircraft aborted the first hard landing, which inflicted engine and gear damage. On the second attempt at landing, the right gear collapsed and the aircraft rolled off the runway spinning 180 degrees. All on board evacuated without injury.[38]
  • On 28 June 2016, three terrorists killed 44 civilians by gunfire and subsequent suicide bombings, along with 239 civilians injured.[39][40] The three men arrived in a taxi cab and opened fire at the terminal. The three men then blew themselves up when police opened fire. The airport has X-ray scanners at the entrance to the terminal but security checks for cars are limited.[39][41]
  • On 15 July 2016, the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt took place. During the attempted coup, units of the Turkish Armed Forces seized control of the airport and closed it, but it was reopened after pro-government forces regained control.[42][43][44]

Accolades

  • The Turkish Chamber of Civil Engineers lists İstanbul Atatürk Airport as one of the fifty civil engineering feats in Turkey, a list of remarkable engineering projects completed in the first 50 years of the chamber's existence.[45]
  • In the 2013 Air Transport News awards ceremony, İstanbul Atatürk Airport was named Airport of the Year.[46]
  • The airport was named Europe's Best Airport in the 40-50 million passenger per year category at the 2013 Skytrax World Airport Awards.[47]

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Commons category-inline

Шаблон:Bakırköy Шаблон:Airports in Turkey Шаблон:Europe topic Шаблон:Fifty civil engineering feats in Turkey Шаблон:Bombings in Turkey in 2016 Шаблон:Portal bar

Шаблон:Authority control

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