Английская Википедия:BARD Offshore 1

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Шаблон:Infobox power station Шаблон:Maplink

Файл:Map of the offshore wind power farms in the German Bight.png
BARD Offshore 1's location in the wind farms of the German Bight

BARD Offshore 1 is a 400 megawatt (MW) North Sea offshore wind farm with 80 BARD 5.0 turbines. Since the owner could not buy such 5MW offshore wind turbines in sufficient numbers in 2006, Dr. Bekker set up its own production of turbines. This should serve as the legacy for his children. The systems were developed by aerodyn Energiesysteme GmbH. A plant for rotor blades and nacelle assembly was built in Emden and a plant for the offshore foundations in Cuxhaven. Two turbine prototypes were set up at the Rysumer Nacken in 2007, and another prototype in Hooksiel in 2008. Construction was finished in July 2013[1] and the wind farm was officially inaugurated in August 2013.[2] The wind farm is located Шаблон:Convert northwest of the isle Borkum in Шаблон:Convert deep water.[3]

Laying of cables to connect the wind farm started on 23 July 2009.[4] The 200 km connection is the longest of its kind in the world. It is also the first connection of an offshore wind park realized as HVDC-transmission. Construction of the wind turbines began in March 2010.[5] The first turbine became operational at the beginning of December 2010. Construction was assisted by the purpose-built Wind Lift 1 barge / platform, which placed the 470 ton, 21 meter foundations on the sea bed.

The project has run into serious and unclear problems, including being three years behind schedule and, at a cost of €3 billion, run significantly over budget. A diver[6] and a worker died during construction.[7][8] The farm was supposed to go online in August 2013, but a series of setbacks, including a fire at a transmission station in March 2014, have delayed its activation.[9] BARD went bankrupt in November 2013.[10] Problems include overvoltage and harmonics[11] between BARD and the BorWin 1 grid link and BorWin Alpha HVDC converter platform.[12]

BARD's original owner had decided to make all components within the company, and troubles from the custom transformer are unrelated to standard equipment used elsewhere.[13]

Шаблон:Asof, most of the turbines were not supplying power to shore, costing ratepayers €2million per day.[14]

In September 2015, StatKraft and Ocean Breeze extended their contract for two years.[15]

By May 2016, the company website stated that the wind farm had produced Шаблон:Convert, and was running stably at full capacity.[16]

Availability increased from 66% in 2014 to 95% by 2017. The feed-in tariff is €150/MWh to €190/MWh until 2024.[17] Macquarie Infrastructure and Real Assets purchased the facility in 2019.[18]

See also

Шаблон:Stack

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Technical information
Media articles
Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ Press release: Pioneering wind farm project BARD Offshore 1 successfully completed on the high seas Шаблон:Webarchive
  2. ↑ German Federal Minister Inaugurates BARD Offshore 1
  3. ↑ 5-MW BARD Near-shore Wind Turbine Erected in Germany
  4. ↑ DDP: Laying cables to wind farm started (in German)
  5. ↑ Wind farm in the ocean ready to go (in German)
  6. ↑ "Tauchunfall im Windpark" Diving accident in the wind farm Die Welt, 27 July 2010. Accessed: 25 February 2015.
  7. ↑ Pressemitteilung der BARD-Gruppe vom 27. Januar 2012 Шаблон:Webarchive (PDF; 117 kB)
  8. ↑ Mitteilung der DGzRS, retrieved, 4 February 2012Шаблон:Dead link
  9. ↑ Germany's Expensive Gamble on Renewable Energy by Matthew Karnitschnig, The Wall Street Journal, August 26, 2014.
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  11. ↑ "Rätselhafter Defekt legt größten Windpark lahm" Enigmatic defect paralyzes largest wind farm Die Welt, 3 September 2014. Accessed: 25 February 2015.
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  13. ↑ "Größter deutscher Meereswindpark fällt aus" The largest German offshore wind park falls out Die Welt, 7 July 2014. Accessed: 25 February 2015.
  14. ↑ "Im größten Meereswindpark dreht sich wenig" In the largest offshore wind park little turns Die Welt, 26 January 2015. Accessed: 25 February 2015.
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  18. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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