Английская Википедия:BR Standard Class 4 2-6-4T

Материал из Онлайн справочника
Перейти к навигацииПерейти к поиску

Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use British English Шаблон:Infobox locomotive

The British Railways Standard Class 4 tank is a class of steam locomotive, one of the BR standard classes built during the 1950s. They were used primarily on commuter and outer suburban services. They were capable of reaching speeds of Шаблон:Cvt.[1]

Background

On the nationalisation of British Railways (BR) in 1948, the London Midland Region had a number of ex-London, Midland and Scottish Railway 2-6-4T and the Western Region a number of GWR Large Prairie 2-6-2T types. These tank engines were particularly suited to commuter and secondary services. However, particularly in Scotland and the Southern Region, the situation was not so good, with large numbers of pre-grouping types struggling on.

Design and construction

Файл:Guisborough railway station.jpg
BR Standard Class 4 2-6-4T engine no. 80118 at Guisborough railway station, 1950s

On the decision to build the BR standard series of locomotives, a series of class four tank engines was ordered, based on the ex-LMS Fairburn 2-6-4T with some modifications. The lineage of the class could therefore be tracked through the LMS/BR Class 4 2-6-4T locomotives back to the Fowler design of 1927.

Design work was done at Brighton, the overall programme being overseen by Robert Riddles. The principal modifications to the Fairburn design involved the reduction of their envelope to enable them to fit into the L1 loading gauge. To do this, the tanks and cab were made more curved than the Fairburn design, the Fairburn having a straight-sided tank. The biggest mechanical change was a reduction in cylinder size, also to reduce cross-section, and a corresponding increase in boiler pressure to compensate. Other visible changes included the re-introduction of plating ahead of the cylinders.

130 of the class of 155 were built at Brighton, 15 (80000–80009, 80054–80058) at Derby Works and 10 (80106–80115) at Doncaster Works between 1951 and 1956. The first to emerge was 80010 from Brighton in 1951. Fifteen that were due to be constructed in 1957 were cancelled, due to impending dieselisation, and the last five would have been, too, had they not been at an advanced stage of construction when the order came to cancel them.

No significant modifications were made to the design. The tank vent was found to restrict the driver's vision and was moved further forward from 80059 onwards. Initially built with fluted coupling rods, these caused problems on other classes and, from 80079, plain section coupling rods were substituted.

The BR Standard Class 4 4-6-0 was essentially a tender engine derivative of the Standard Class 4 tank.

Service

The Standard 4 tanks were originally allocated to all regions of British Railways, bar the Western. They became particularly associated with the London, Tilbury and Southend line (LT&S) working commuter services out of London, until that route was electrified in 1962. They were also widely used in East Sussex and Kent, working from Brighton, Tunbridge Wells and Three Bridges on those lines of the former London Brighton and South Coast Railway that were not electrified. Another group worked from Polmadie depot in the Scottish region on the Glasgow commuter services. Note that, from July 1962, a batch displaced by electrification of the LT&S was transferred to the Western Region's Swansea (East Dock) and Shrewsbury districts, as well as other regions.[2]

Accidents and incidents

Withdrawal

There was a mass withdrawal of steam locomotive classes in the 1960s. Older types were withdrawn in preference to the Standard 4s, whose class remained intact until 1964 (except for 80103 as noted below). The final nine were withdrawn from the Southern Region on 9 July 1967. One Scottish Region example, 80002, remained in Glasgow past the end of steam haulage until 1969 as a static carriage heating boiler; eventually being preserved on the Keighley & Worth Valley Railway.[6][7][8]

No. 80103 was withdrawn in 1962 after being reported for rough riding. It was towed between two other locomotives to Stratford Works, where it was discovered that the mainframe was broken in half. Considered beyond economic repair, 80103 was withdrawn and scrapped. It was the first of the 'Standard' locomotives to be withdrawn, and the only one scrapped at Stratford.Шаблон:CN

Table of withdrawals
Year Quantity in
service at
start of year		 Quantity
withdrawn		 Locomotive numbers Notes
1962 155 1 80103
1964 154 31 80008–10/17/21/30–31/36/38/40/44/49–50/52–53/56/62/71/73–77/87,
80106–07/15/25/27/29/48.
1965 123 42 80003/14/18/20/22–23/29/35/42/48/64/66–67/70/72/78–81/84/88/90/97–99,
80100–02/04–05/08–10/19/31/35–37/47/49–50/53.		 80064/72/78-80/97-98, 80100/04-05/35-36/50 preserved
1966 81 56 80000–01/05–07/13/24–28/33–34/37/39/41/43/47/51/54–55/57–61/63/65/68–69/82–83/89/91–96,
80111–14/17–18/21–24/26/30/32/38/41–42/44.
1967 25 25 80002/04/11–12/15–16/19/32/45–46/85–86,
80116/20/28/33–34/39–40/43/45–46/51–52/54.		 80002, 80151 preserved

Operation in preservation

Файл:British Railways Standard Four No 80072 Ongar.jpg
British Railways 2-6-4T Class Standard Four No. 80072 runs round its train at Ongar

Of the fifteen engines to survive into preservation, only one was purchased directly from BR and this was No. 80002, all the others being purchased from Barry Scrapyard. Of the fifteen engines to be preserved only two members of the class are yet to run in preservation, these being: 80100 and 80150. 80097 has recently been steamed in preservation and entered service in March 2019 following its restoration from scrapyard condition at the East Lancashire Railway.[9] Five of them have also seen mainline operation: Nos. 80002, 80079, 80080, 80098 and 80135. 80002 operated over the former BR system in the 1970s when it appeared at an open weekend in Leeds arriving and returning home from the event under its own power. Three of the class were regular mainline performers around the '90s, with 80080 being originally used on LU 'Steam on the Met' trips. In 1991, steam was to return to the Folkestone Harbour branch with 80080 taking the train down from the mainline to the station at Folkestone Harbour and then for the journey back up to the mainline 80080 was used to bank West Country Pacific No. 34027 Taw Valley.

Файл:80080 & 80079 Tenby Stn 17.10.93 Pembroke Dock to Swansea edited-2.jpg
No 80079 and No 80080 at Tenby in October 1993 on a main line special from Swansea to Pembroke Dock and return.
Файл:Steam Train 80080 at Ecclesbourne Valley Railway.webm
80080 reversing at Ecclesbourne Valley Railway

80080 became the first steam locomotive to work a normal stopping passenger service on the mainline in March 1993. It also returned to the Cambrian network in 1992. In 1994, 80079 joined up with 80080 to work a number of steam specials including a run over the Cambrian Coast Line.

In 1998, 80079 became the first steam locomotive to work a steam special down the Conwy Valley Line to Blaenau Ffestiniog since 1967.

80079 returned to Blaenau in 1999 with 80098.

80135 has been used on the Grosmont to Whitby workings for the North Yorkshire Moors Railway on the Esk Valley Line

The Bluebell Railway had hoped to preserve No. 80154, the last steam locomotive to be built at Brighton Works, but this ultimately did not occur as the railway did not have the funds available.[10][11]

Locomotives

Шаблон:Unreferenced section Fifteen Class 4 tank engines have been preserved - the most of any BR Standard class. All were built at Brighton Works except 80002, which was constructed at Derby Works.

Number Builder Built Withdrawn Service life Location Livery Status Image
80002 Derby Works Nov 1952 March 1967 14 years, 4 months Keighley and Worth Valley Railway BR Lined Black, Early Emblem On static display in the Exhibition Shed at Oxenhope whilst awaiting a full overhaul. Boiler certificate expired in 2013. Файл:British Railways Standard Four No 80002 Oxenhope.jpg
80064 Brighton Works June 1953 Sep 1965 12 years, 3 months West Somerset Railway BR Lined Black, Early Emblem Boiler certificate expired in 1991.[12] Gifted to the West Somerset Railway Association in 2023.[13] Файл:80064 Bluebell Railway.jpg
80072 Brighton Works Nov 1953 July 1965 11 years, 8 months Llangollen Railway BR Lined Black, Late Emblem Undergoing a full overhaul at Llangollen. Boiler certificate expired in 2019. Файл:80072 at Llangollen Station.jpg
80078 Brighton Works Feb 1954 July 1965 11 years, 5 months Mid Norfolk Railway. BR Lined Black, Early Emblem Overhaul completed in 2017. Файл:BR Standard Class 4 No 80078 Harmans Cross railway station Swanage Railway heritage railway Dorset.jpg
80079 Brighton Works March 1954 July 1965 11 years, 4 months Severn Valley Railway BR Lined Black, Late Emblem On static display in the Engine House at Highley whilst awaiting a full overhaul. Boiler certificate expired in 2002. Файл:BR 4MT 2-6-4T 80079, Rocket 150, Rainhill, May 1980 Slides212 (9859902463).jpg
80080 Brighton Works March 1954 July 1965 11 years, 4 months Ecclesbourne Valley Railway BR Lined Black, Late Emblem Overhaul completed in 2019. Файл:BR 2-6-4T 80080, Rawtenstall, ELR, April 2012 010 (9884713506).jpg
80097 Brighton Works Dec 1954 July 1965 10 years, 7 months East Lancashire Railway BR Lined Black, Early Emblem Restoration completed in 2019. Файл:Standard Class 4 2-6-4T 80097 (Geograph 5950795).jpg
80098 Brighton Works Dec 1954 July 1965 10 years, 7 months Midland Railway - Butterley BR Lined Black, Late Emblem Undergoing a full overhaul at Swanwick, will be mainline certified when complete. Boiler certificate expired in 2009. Файл:80098 East Lancashire Railway (2).jpg
80100 Brighton Works Jan 1955 July 1965 10 years, 6 months Bluebell Railway N/A Awaiting restoration from scrapyard condition. Файл:80100 Bluebell railway.jpg
80104 Brighton Works March 1955 July 1965 10 years, 4 months Tyseley Locomotive Works BR Lined Black, Late Emblem Undergoing a full overhaul at Tyseley for the Swanage Railway. certificate expired in 2021. Файл:Engine 80104 at Swanage Station - geograph.org.uk - 1510002.jpg
80105 Brighton Works April 1955 July 1965 10 years, 3 months Bo'ness and Kinneil Railway BR Lined Black, Early Emblem Undergoing a full overhaul at Bo'ness. Boiler certificate expired in 2010. Файл:Bo'ness Kinneill Steam Railway at Birkhill Station - geograph.org.uk - 118368.jpg
80135 Brighton Works April 1956 July 1965 9 years, 3 months North Yorkshire Moors Railway BR Lined Green, Late Emblem Undergoing a full overhaul at Grosmont. Boiler certificate expired in 2007. Файл:Grosmont station waiting departure - geograph.org.uk - 1663718.jpg
80136 Brighton Works May 1956 July 1965 9 years, 2 months North Yorkshire Moors Railway BR Lined Black, Early Emblem Overhaul completed in 2016. Файл:Heritage.rail.750pix.jpg
80150 Brighton Works Dec 1956 Nov 1965 8 years, 11 months Mid Hants Railway Unlined Black Awaiting restoration from scrapyard condition. Файл:BR Standard Class 4 2-6-4T 80150 at Alresford.jpg
80151 Brighton Works Jan 1957 June 1967 10 years, 5 months Bluebell Railway BR Lined Black, Late Emblem Overhaul completed in 2019. Файл:British Railways Class Standard Four No 80151 Horsted Keynes.jpg

In fiction

Belle, a character from Thomas & Friends, is loosely based on this engine. The difference is that she has water cannons on top of her tanks (for a role as a fictional fire engine) and a large brass bell.[14]

Models

The Hornby Dublo range of 00 gauge model railways produced by Meccano Ltd released a model of the Standard 4 tank in 1954.[15] This was Hornby's first entirely new postwar introduction.[16] The model passed to Wrenn, and remained in their range until the 1990s.

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Sources

External links

Шаблон:Commons category

Preserved engines

Шаблон:BRstds

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  9. ↑ http://www.burystandard4group.org.uk/news/workshop-update-5th-october-2018 80097 under final assembly
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
Источник — http://wikihandbk.com/ruwiki/index.php?title=Английская_Википедия:BR_Standard_Class_4_2-6-4T&oldid=13351876