Английская Википедия:Balochi Standard Alphabet
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Arabic-script sidebar
The Balochi Standard Alphabet (Шаблон:Lang-bal, Шаблон:Small Balòci Estàndàrdèn Siyàhag), also known as Balorabi, is an abjad-based writing system developed from the Arabic script, used for the Balochi language spoken in the Balochistan region of Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iran.
Alphabet
The Balochi alphabet, standardized by Balochi Academy Sarbaz, consists of 32 letters.[1]
The alphabets were is Romanized calling Balòtin and arabic alphabets calling Balòrabi
Script Correspondence Table
Some digraphs in Balochi writing
Balochi also has 3 digraphs set by Balochi Academy Sarbaz in Standard Alphabets:[2]
| Romanization | Letter of Digraphs | IPA | Romanized Examples | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Final | Medial | Initial | Isolated | |||
| Шаблон:Transliteration | ـئ | ـئـ | ئـ | ئ | Шаблон:IPA | Sæ (three), Æš, Pæl (action), Bænk (Bank) |
| Шаблон:Transliteration | ـئی | ـئیـ | ائیـ | ئی | Шаблон:IPA | Taig (yours), Mai (our), Aid (Eid) |
| Шаблон:Transliteration | ـؤ | ـؤ | اؤ | ؤ | Шаблон:IPA | Augàn(afghan), Kaur (river) |
Arabic diacritics in Balochi writing
Arabic diacritics are used in Balochi, as with other scripts derived from Arabic:
| Marks | Name | Example words | Purpose / effect | Pronouncing |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| َ◌ | zabar | Шаблон:Redک، Шаблон:Redچ، گШаблон:Redنچ، Шаблон:Redنز | Adding vowel | /a/ |
| ِ◌ | zèr | Шаблон:Redرّ، Шаблон:Redلّ، Шаблон:Redنگ، Шаблон:Redچک | Adding vowel | /e/ |
| ُ◌ | pèš | Шаблон:Redلّ، Шаблон:Redرت، Шаблон:Redمب | Adding vowel | /o/ |
| ّ◌ | šadd | گُШаблон:Red، پُШаблон:Red، گَШаблон:Red | Consonant gemination | |
| ٚ◌ | gowanďi | دَШаблон:Redز، کَШаблон:Redب، اَШаблон:Redب، سیاھݔШаблон:Red | Nasal vowel | /◌̃/ |
Use of Hamza
One of the aspects that distinguishes Balochi orthography from other orthographies derived from Perso-Arabic Script is the use of stand-alone Hamza (Шаблон:Script/Arabic), which, depending on its function within a sentence, is always written with one of three vowel diacritics. Stand-alone Hamza without diacritic is also used similar to other Perso-Arabic Scripts, to indicated glottal stop at end of words
The use of Hamza in such a way was first used in Balochi by poet Husayn Anqa, and officially adopted into Balochi as a result of decisions made in a convention in Karachi, Pakistan on 22 July 1959, attended by prominent Balochi poets and literaturists.[3][4]
Below are the forms that stand-alone Hamza is used:
| Form | Diacritic | Example words | Purpose / effect | Pronouncing |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:Script | None | Adding glottal stop to end of word | /ʔ/ | |
| Шаблон:Script | zabar | Шаблон:Script (I will stand [obj.]) Шаблон:Script (the pen will say[obj.]) |
Accusative, Dative, Oblique | /a/ |
| Шаблон:Script | zèr | Шаблон:Script (Midnight) | Genitive (Possession) | /e/ |
| Шаблон:Script | pèš | Шаблон:Script (I and you) | and | /o/ |
Balochi Numbers
| Number | Balochi | Number Name |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | ۰ | ھِچ |
| 1 | ۱ | یَک |
| 2 | ۲ | دوٚ |
| 3 | ۳ | سئ |
| 4 | ۴ | چار |
| 5 | ۵ | پَنچ |
| 6 | ۶ | شَش |
| 7 | ۷ | ھَپت |
| 8 | ۸ | ھَشت |
| 9 | ۹ | نُھ |
Notes
Some dialects of Balochi very infrequently use the voiced retroflex flap, meaning ڑ. Due to its immense rarity in Balochi, most orthographies of the language leave out glyphs for the phoneme. When written however, it is usually represented with ر.
This alphabet uses two completely separate and new glyphs to represent the long close front unrounded vowel (/iː/). For the initial and medial forms, ݔ is used. This glyph is based on the initial/medial form of the Perso-Arabic "Ye":
(یـ/ـیـ), the difference being the dot above it. Meanwhile for the final form, ے is used, which is also based on ی and is called "Big ye"; it is from Urdu. Sometimes there is خ, meaning /x/.
Vowels
in standard alphabets have 11 vowels,
| Balòrabi | Balòtin | IPA |
|---|---|---|
| ◌َ ـَ اَ | Aa | /a/ |
| آ ـا ئا | Àà | /ɑ/ |
| ◌ِ اِ ـِ | Ee | /e/ |
| ݔ ـݔ ـے ے ࢩ | Èè | /ɪ/ |
| ای ـی | Ii | /i/ |
| ◌ُ ـُ اُ | Oo | /o/ |
| ۏ ـۏ | Òò | /ɯ/ |
| او ـو | Uu | /u/ |
| ائ ـئ ئ | Ææ - Ae | /ɛ/ |
| ائی ـئی ـئی | AI ai | /ɑiː/ |
| اؤ ـؤ ؤ | AU au | /ɑuː/ |
The difference in writing between old Balochi and standard Balochi
In standardized Balochi, letters from old Balochi have been removed and some new letters have been added, The added letters are:
- ݔ Cappi Yà or Arabic yā letter with a dot on it, which is the same at the beginning and middle of the word, and at the end of the word, the letter ے is used only, which existed in old Balochi.
- ۏ Cappi Wà or Wāw letter with a dot added on it
And also in standard Balochi, the letter ڑ is merged with the letter ڈ
In the table below, you can see the difference between old and standard writing:
| English | Balòrabi | Ballàtin | Old style |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baloch | بلۏچ | Balòc | بلوچ |
| Revenge | بݔر | Bèr | بیر |
| Thunder | بیر | Bir | بیر |
| Balochistan | بلۏچستان | Balòcestàn | بلوچستان |
| You | تؤ | Tau | تو |
| Rain | ھؤر | Haur | ھور |
| With together | ھۏر | Hòr | ھور |
| nymph | ھور | Hur | ھور |
"ݔ" Letter using
Cappi Yà (ݔ ے ࢩ) is one of the standard letters of the Balochi language, which was added to the standard Balochi alphabets by the Balochi Academy Sarbaz. In the old Balochi alphabet, this letter is given as یْ, but in some others, it is also given as ڃ and یٚ.[5]
References
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ http://baloche.blogfa.com/post/26
- ↑ Spooner, Brian. “Standardization and Orthography in the Balochi Language, Carina Jahani, Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, Studia Iranica Upsaliensia 1, Uppsala, 1989, 286 Pp., ISBN 91–554–2487–2, ISSN 1100-326X.” Iranian Studies 32, no. 1 (1999): 158–60. doi:10.1017/S0021086200005879.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
