Английская Википедия:Battle of Albemarle Sound
Шаблон:Infobox military conflict
The Battle of Albemarle Sound was an inconclusive naval battle fought in May 1864 along the coast of North Carolina during the American Civil War.[1] Three Confederate warships, including an ironclad, engaged eight Union gunboats. The action ended indecisively due to the sunset.[2]
Background
In April 1864, a Confederate Army, with the aid of the CSS Albemarle, forced the surrender of the Union garrison at Plymouth. Robert Hoke, commander of a Confederate Army in North Carolina, encouraged by his success at Plymouth attempted to retake New Bern which had been in Union control since early in 1862. For his proposed attack on New Bern Hoke again turned to the aid of Albemarle, which had been a decisive factor in the Battle of Plymouth.
Battle
James W. Cooke, commander of Albemarle sailed out of Plymouth in early May 1864, along with the captured steamer CSS Bombshell and the transport CSS Cotton Plant. Steaming south toward New Bern, Cooke ran into a Union fleet at the mouth of Albemarle Sound, commanded by Captain Melancton Smith. This fleet consisted of the double-ender gunboats USS Mattabasett, USS Sassacus, USS Wyalusing and USS Miami, the converted ferryboat USS Commodore Hull, USS Ceres, USS Whitehead and USS Isaac N. Seymour.[3] When the Confederate ships were spotted, Mattabasett, Sassucus, Whitehead and Wyalusing immediately formed a line of battle supported by Miami, Commodore Hull and Ceres. Albemarle opened fire first, wounding six men working one of MattabesettШаблон:'s two 100-pounder Parrott rifles. Mattabesset, Whitehead and Wyalusing opened fire almost simultaneously. Albemarle then attempted to ram Mattabesett, but the sidewheeler managed to round the ironclad's armored bow. She was closely followed by Sassacus, which then fired a broadside of solid Шаблон:Convert and 100-pound shot, all of which bounced off AlbemarleШаблон:'s casemate armor. However, Bombshell, being a softer target, was hulled by each heavy shot from SassucusШаблон:'s broadside and surrendered.[4] Cotton Plant withdrew back up the Roanoke, and Albemarle continued the fight alone.[3]
Smith, despite an advantage in numbers, could do little damage to the single Confederate ship. Shots glanced off AlbemarleШаблон:'s sides. Lieutenant Commander Francis Asbury Roe of Sassucus, seeing Albemarle at a range of about Шаблон:Convert, decided to ram. The Union ship struck the Confederate ironclad full and square, broadside-on, shattering the timbers of her own bow, twisting off her own bronze ram in the process, and jamming both ships together. With SassucusШаблон:'s hull almost touching the end of the ram's Brooke rifle, AlbemarleШаблон:'s gun crew quickly fired two point-blank rifled shells, one of them puncturing SassucusШаблон:'s boilers; though live steam was roaring through the ship, she was able to break away and drift out of range. Sassacus by now was too damaged to function and drifted down river. Miami first tried to use her spar torpedo and then to tangle the Confederate ramШаблон:'s screw propellers and rudder with a seine net, but neither ploy succeeded.
Mattabasett and Wyalusing continued to engage the ram for three hours, until the action was halted by darkness.[3] More than 500 shells were fired at Albemarle during the battle; with visible battle damage to her smokestack and other areas on the ironclad, she steamed back up the Roanoke. The Commodore Hull and Ceres moved to the river's mouth to try and keep the Albemarle from re-entering the sound.[3]
Aftermath
The battle itself was a standoff, but the events that followed had more decisive results. Albemarle had held its own against greater numbers but the damages caused the during the battle had forced the ship into port for the next several months, preventing it from being used in General Hoke's planned assault on New Bern. Hoke went ahead with his campaign even without Albemarle. He achieved nothing before being recalled to Virginia to help defend Petersburg and Richmond. The events in October had a greater impact on the situation when William B. Cushing led a naval raid and detonated a torpedo beneath the Albermarle's hull. The removal of Hoke's force and the destruction of Albemarle allowed both Plymouth and Washington, North Carolina, to fall back into Union hands
Order of battle
- Шаблон:USS
- Шаблон:USS
- Шаблон:USS
- Шаблон:USS
- Шаблон:USS
- Шаблон:USS - flagship
- Шаблон:USS
- Шаблон:USS
- Ida May (transport)
Confederate Mosquito Fleet
Commander James W. Cooke[5]
Notes
External links
- North Carolina Marker - Edenton - Battle of Albemarle Sound
- National Park Service battle description
Further reading
- Chaitin, Peter M., editor, The Coastal War: Chesapeake to the Rio Grande (1984)
Шаблон:Portal Шаблон:North Carolina in the Civil War
- Английская Википедия
- Страницы с неработающими файловыми ссылками
- Battles of the Operations against Plymouth of the American Civil War
- Naval battles of the American Civil War
- Battles of the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War
- Inconclusive battles of the American Civil War
- Battles of the American Civil War in North Carolina
- Dare County, North Carolina
- Conflicts in 1864
- 1864 in North Carolina
- Riverine warfare
- May 1864 events
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
- Статья из Английской Википедии
