Английская Википедия:Belarus–Lithuania border

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The Belarus–Lithuania border is an international border almost Шаблон:Convert in length between the Republic of Belarus (CIS member) and the Republic of Lithuania (EU member). It is an external border of the European Union as well as the western border of the Commonwealth of Independent States. Шаблон:Convert of the border is on land, while Шаблон:Convert are on water, crossing lakes, e.g. Lake Drūkšiai and following some rivers, e.g. Dysna River and Neman River.

In August 2022, Lithuania completed the construction of a new border barrier to stop the illegal migration. On 18 January 2023, the Lithuanian government renounced the agreement signed with Belarus 16 years ago on the principles of cross-border cooperation.

History

The historical borders of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and later, following the partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, governorates of the Russian Empire varied significantly throughout the history and at times bore little resemblance to the modern borders. The formation of the current border began after the World War I, following the establishment of the Republic of Lithuania and the Lithuanian–Soviet War. The Soviet-Lithuanian Peace Treaty was signed on 12 July 1920, defining and recognizing the eastern border of Lithuania, even though it was de facto controlled by Poland due to the Polish–Lithuanian War and Polish–Soviet War. It was similar to the present border, but the Vilnius region was de facto controlled by Poland. Following the World War II and the Soviet occupation of the Baltic states, a new border was established between the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic and Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic within the Soviet Union. It is the basis of the current border which had remained largely stable since 1940.

The border is defined by the treaty of 6 February 1995 between the two countries. The demarcation of the border was completed in 2007. Since 2004 the border has served as the external border of the European Union and, since 2007, the Schengen Area. These developments brought increased border controls and stricter visa requirements for crossing between the two countries. An agreement signed in 2010 aims to implement simplified traveling for people living within Шаблон:Convert of the border.

Definition of the border

Файл:Border Of Lithuania - Belarus - Lavoriškės - Kotlovka.jpg

Lavoriškės - Kotlovka border point.

The treaty defines the border as starting at the border tripoint of Lithuania, Latvia and Belarus, where there is a monument (Шаблон:Coord). It goes southeast across Lake Drūkšiai, following river Apyvardė, across lakes Apvardai and Prūtas, further following Dysna River to the east, and further to Adutiškis railway station. It further goes north of Belarusian settlement Lyntupy, east of the Lithuanian settlement Šumskas, across the road Vilnius - Maladzyechna, goes around the area of Lithuanian settlement Dieveniškės from the east, south and west, goes to the North of Belarusian settlement Bieniakoni, crosses the road Vilnius-Lida and further follows Šalčia river. It further continues to the south of Lithuanian city Eišiškės, follows Načia river, goes to the south of Lithuanian settlement Dubičiai, reaches the source of Kotra River and further follows this river, then across lakes Grūda ir Dubas. It further crosses the railroad Vilnius-Grodno next to the stop Senovė, and the railroad to Druskininkai to the north of the stop Pariečė, continuing west towards Neman river and up against the current, and further following Mara river to the border tripoint of Belarus, Lithuania and Poland (Шаблон:Coord).

On 18 January 2023, Lithuanian government renounced the agreement signed with Belarus on the principles of cross-border cooperation. The bill terminated the agreement signed by the governments of Lithuania and Belarus in Vilnius on 1 June 2006, to set out areas of cross-border cooperation between the two neighbouring countries.

Incidents

Файл:Lithuania-Belarus border (2008).jpg

Lithuania–Belarus border in 2008 (before the new barrier construction)

Файл:Illegal immigration to Lithuania by country.png

Illegal immigration to Lithuania by country

On 23 May 2021, Ryanair Flight 4978, an intra-EU flight with 171 passengers on board, crossing the Belarusian airspace, was intercepted by a Belarusian MiG-29 and forced to land at Minsk Airport, where two of the passengers were arrested. The incident was condemned by many governments and described as air hijacking by a state.

In June 2021, Lithuanian officials claimed that Belarusian authorities could encourage illegal migration from Iraq and Syria to Lithuania by organizing groups of refugees and helping them to cross the Belarusian-Lithuanian border. It was assumed that the state support of illegal migration could be carried out for political reasons. Illegal migration from Belarus forced Lithuania to declare state of emergency on 7 July 2021.

Year	Number of illegal migrants crossed Belarus—Lithuania border
2017	72
2018	104
2019	46
2020	81
2021 - present	4,613

Border barrier

Файл:Newly built Concertina wire near Ašašninkai village, Varėna District.jpg

Barrier with the Concertina wire built near Ašašninkai village, Varėna District Municipality, Lithuania

Lithuania decided to build a border barrier to stem the flow of illegal crossings. On 5 August 2021, the chief of the Lithuanian State Border Guard Service presented a project of the proposed barrier for the entire Belarus-Lithuania border which would be Шаблон:Convert high and would use multiple layers of the Concertina wire. The cost of the project was estimated at €150 million and the Lithuanian parliament approved it as a matter of urgency. Lithuania completed the Шаблон:Convert barrier in August 2022 and the modern surveillance equipment was installed by the end of the year. In March 2023, the Lithuanian authorities announced that the 100% of the border is surveilled.

Border crossings

There are the following border crossings between Lithuania and Belarus: Medininkai–Kamienny Loh, Lavoriškės–Kotlovka, Šalčininkai–Byenyakoni, Šumskas–Losha, Raigardas–Privalka, Tverečius–Vidzy. Two of the six road border crossings, Šumskas and Tverečius, will be closed by Lithuania on 18 August 2023 due to concerns over Wagner Group mercenaries and smuggling.

See also

• Belarus–Lithuania relations