Английская Википедия:Biangbiang noodles
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Expand Chinese Шаблон:Infobox food Шаблон:Contains special characters Шаблон:Chinese
Biangbiang noodles (Шаблон:Lang-zh), alternatively known as youpo chemian (Шаблон:Lang-zh) in Chinese, are a type of Chinese noodle originating from Shaanxi cuisine. The noodles, touted as one of the "eight curiosities" of Shaanxi (Шаблон:Lang),[1] are described as being like a belt, owing to their thickness and length.
Biangbiang noodles are renowned for being written using a unique character.[2] The character is unusually complex, with the standard variant of its traditional form containing 58 strokes.
Noodles
The noodles are thick and belt-like, and are usually hand-made. For most of their existence, they have been an obscure dish local to Xi'an, eaten by workers lacking the time to make thinner noodles. More recently, the noodles have become more widely known across China, in a rise driven to some extent by social media interest in the esoteric character used to write biáng.[1]
The word biáng is onomatopoeic, being said to resemble the sound of the thick noodle dough hitting a work surface.[1]
Chinese character for biáng
There are many variations of the character for biáng, but the most widely accepted version is made up of 58 strokes in its traditional formШаблон:Efn (42 in simplified Chinese). It is one of the most complex Chinese characters in modern usage,[3] although it is not found in modern dictionaries or even in the Kangxi dictionary.
The character is composed of Шаблон:Lang (speak; 7 strokes) in the middle flanked by Шаблон:Lang (tiny; 2 × 3 strokes) on both sides. Below it, Шаблон:Lang (horse; 10 strokes) is similarly flanked by Шаблон:Lang (grow; 2 × 8 strokes). This central block itself is surrounded by Шаблон:Lang (moon; 4 strokes) to the left, Шаблон:Lang (heart; 4 strokes) below, andШаблон:Lang (knife; 2 strokes) to the right. These in turn are surrounded by a second layer of characters, namely Шаблон:Lang (cave; 5 strokes) on the top and Шаблон:Lang (walk; 4 strokesШаблон:Efn) curving around the left and bottom.
Computer entry and phonetic substitution
Both the traditional and simplified Chinese characters for biáng were encoded in Unicode, on 20 March 2020, for Unicode 13.0.0. The code point is U+30EDE for the traditional form (𰻞) and U+30EDD for the simplified form (𰻝).[4]
Until that point, there were no standardized ways of entering or representing them on computers. Both traditional and simplified forms had been submitted to the Ideographic Rapporteur Group for inclusion in CJK Unified Ideographs Extension G.[5] As the characters are not widely available on computers (and not supported by many fonts), images of the characters, phonetic substitutes like Шаблон:Zh (Шаблон:Zh) or Шаблон:Zh (Шаблон:Zh), as well as the pinyin, are often used instead.
The character is described by the following ideographic description sequences (IDSs):[6]
Шаблон:Lang (traditional)
Шаблон:Lang (simplified)
In Adobe's Source Han Sans (prior to 2.002) and Source Han Serif font these IDS sequences do not display as IDS sequences, but display the actual glyphs for the character.[7][8]
Unicode
After an email discussion with Lee Collins, John Jenkins submitted an application of "⿺辶⿱⿱宀八⿲月⿱⿲糸言糸⿲長馬長刂" in 2006.[9] However, its IDS was too long at the time[10] and "radical 心 (heart)" is missing from the character shape.[11]
Ming Fan (Шаблон:Zh)[12] submitted an application to the Unicode Consortium. At WS 2015, the traditional character had a code of UTC-00791 and the code of its simplified character is UTC-01312.[13]
However, the evidence for this character does not fully match the character shape. For UTC-00791, "radical 刂 (knife)" has disappeared from the dictionary (which is used as evidence).[14] For UTC-01312, "radical 刂 (knife)" has become "radical 戈 (dagger-axe)" in the academic paper used as evidence.[15] Members of the Unicode Consortium supported the character shape.[16] In a possible April fools' joke, Toshiya Suzuki suggested adding a new block ("CJK Complex Ideographic Symbols"), setting "⿺⻍⿱宀░" as a basic shape, unifying the variation and even admitting "⿺⻍⿱宀🙉" as a variant of the character.[17][18]
The character's traditional and simplified forms were added to Unicode version 13.0 in March 2020 in the CJK Unified Ideographs Extension G block of the newly allocated Tertiary Ideographic Plane.[19] The corresponding Unicode characters are:
- Traditional: U+30EDE 𰻞
- Simplified: U+30EDD 𰻝
MnemonicsШаблон:Anchor
There are a number of mnemonics used by Shaanxi residents to aid recall of how the character is written.
One version runs as follows:
| Traditional Chinese |
Simplified Chinese |
Pinyin | English translation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:Lang | Шаблон:Lang | Yīdiǎn shàngle tiān | Apex (Шаблон:Lang) rising up to the sky, |
| Шаблон:Lang | Шаблон:Lang | Huáng Hé liǎng dào wān | Over Two bends (Шаблон:Lang) by Yellow River's side. |
| Шаблон:Lang | Шаблон:Lang | Bāzì dà zhāngkǒu | Character "Eight"'s (Шаблон:Lang) opening wide, |
| Шаблон:Lang | Шаблон:Lang | Yán zì wǎng jìn zǒu | "Speech" (Шаблон:Lang) enters inside. |
| Шаблон:Lang | Шаблон:Lang | Nǐ yī niǔ, wǒ yī niǔ | You twist, I twist too, (Шаблон:Lang 'tiny') |
| Шаблон:Lang | Шаблон:Lang | Nǐ yī zhǎng, wǒ yī zhǎng | you grow, I grow (Шаблон:Lang) with you, |
| Шаблон:Lang | Шаблон:Lang | Dāngzhōng jiā gè mǎ dàwáng | Inside, a horse (Шаблон:Lang) king will rule. |
| Шаблон:Lang | Шаблон:Lang | Xīn zì dǐ | "Heart" (Шаблон:Lang) down below, |
| Шаблон:Lang | Шаблон:Lang | Yuè zì páng | "Moon" (Шаблон:Lang) by the side, |
| Шаблон:Lang | Шаблон:Lang | Liú ge gōu dā guà má tang | Leave a hook (Шаблон:Lang 'knife') for Matang (Mahua, Fried Dough Twist) to hang low, |
| Шаблон:Lang | Шаблон:Lang | Zuòzhe chēchē guàng Xiányáng | On our carriage, to Xianyang we'll ride (radical: Шаблон:Lang 'walk'). |
Note that the first two lines probably refer to the character Шаблон:Lang (roof), building it up systematically as a point and a line (river) with two bends.Шаблон:Synthesis inline
Origin of the character
The origins of the biangbiang noodles and the character biáng are unclear. In one version of the story, the character biáng was invented by the Qin dynasty Premier Li Si. However, since the character is not found in the Kangxi Dictionary, it may have been created much later than the time of Li Si. Similar characters were found used by Tiandihui.
In the 2007 season of the TVB show The Web (Шаблон:Zh), the show's producers tried to find the origin of the character by contacting university professors, but they could not verify the Li Si story or the origin of the character. It was concluded that the character was invented by a noodle shop.Шаблон:Clarify
A legend about a student fabricating a character for the noodle to get out of a biangbiang noodle bill also is a commonly believed hypothesis about the origin of the character.[20]
According to a China Daily article, the word "biang" is an onomatopoeia that actually refers to the sound made by the chef when he creates the noodles by pulling the dough and slapping it on the table.[21]
Variants
More than twenty variants of the Traditional character for biáng, having between 56 and 70Шаблон:Efn strokes:
Файл:Biáng.svg Файл:Biáng-v1.svg Файл:Biáng-v2.svg Файл:Biáng-v3.svg Файл:Biáng-v4.svg Файл:Biáng-v5.svg Файл:Biáng-v6.svg Файл:Biáng-v7.svg Файл:Biáng-v8.svg Файл:Biáng-v9.svg Файл:Biáng-v10.svg Файл:Biáng-v11.svg Файл:Biáng-v12.svg Файл:Biáng-v13.svg Файл:Biáng-v14.svg Файл:Biáng-v15.svg Файл:Biáng-v16.svg Файл:Biáng-v17.svg Файл:Biáng-v18.svg Файл:Biáng-v19.svg Файл:Biáng-v20.svg Файл:Biáng-v21.svg Файл:Biáng-v22.svg Файл:Biang (简体).svg
See also
Notes
References
External links
- Шаблон:In lang CCTV Forum Discussion on biáng Character
- Шаблон:In lang CCTV writeup on the ten strange wonders of Shaanxi
- Pictures of Chinese signs with biáng characters [1] [2]
Шаблон:Chinese noodles Шаблон:Shaanxi topics
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ UTC Character Submission for 2015 Шаблон:Webarchive by the Unicode Consortium
- ↑ See Unicode Technical Report #45 Шаблон:Webarchive and associated data File Шаблон:Webarchive, UTC-00791. The file references this Wikipedia article as a primary source and a reason for inclusion.
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite webШаблон:Dead link
- ↑ Pointed out by Satoshi Yamamoto, see CJK Ext. E 6.0. Editorial Group. IRG N1597.
- ↑ Eiso Chan: My answer of "How to pronounce 'biáng'" at Zhihu Шаблон:Webarchive，2016-12-30.
- ↑ Unicode Consortium: IRG N2091R Шаблон:Webarchive, 2 November 2015.
- ↑ The character shape in the dictionary is ⿺辶⿰月⿳⿱宀八⿱⿲糸言糸⿲長馬長心.
- ↑ The character shape in the paper is ⿺辶⿳⿱宀八⿲月⿱⿲糸言糸⿲長馬長戈心.
- ↑ Japan Review on IRG Working Set 2015 ver 2.0 (IRGN2155: p.314-456) Шаблон:Webarchive, 19 August 2016.
- ↑ Toshiya Suzuki: Proposal to add new block "CJK Complex Ideographic Symbols" (WG2 N4796) Шаблон:Webarchive, 1 April 2017
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
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