Английская Википедия:Bunak language

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox language

The Bunak language (also known as Bunaq, Buna', Bunake, pronounced Шаблон:IPA) is the language of the Bunak people of the mountainous region of central Timor, split between the political boundary between West Timor, Indonesia, particularly in Lamaknen District and East Timor. It is one of the few on Timor which is not an Austronesian language, but rather a Papuan language of the Timor-Alor-Pantar language family. The language is surrounded by Malayo-Polynesian languages, like Uab Meto and Tetum.

Bunak distinguishes between animate and inanimate noun classes.[1]

Phonology

Consonant sounds
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosive/
Affricate
voiceless Шаблон:IPA link Шаблон:IPA link Шаблон:IPA link Шаблон:IPA link Шаблон:IPA link
voiced Шаблон:IPA link Шаблон:IPA link Шаблон:IPA link
Fricative voiceless Шаблон:IPA link Шаблон:IPA link
voiced Шаблон:IPA link
Nasal Шаблон:IPA link Шаблон:IPA link
Trill Шаблон:IPA link
Lateral Шаблон:IPA link
Approximant Шаблон:IPA link
  • Plosive sounds /p t k/ can be heard as unreleased allophones [p̚ t̚ k̚], in word-final position.
  • Sounds /b d ɡ/ can be heard as [β r ɣ] in intervocalic positions.
  • /ɡ/ can be heard as [dʒ] when preceding /i/.
  • /z/ can have allophones [ʒ dʒ] in free variation.
  • /tʃ/ is heard as [s] when preceding /i/.
  • /l/ in word-final position can also be heard as a fricative [ɬ] in free variation.[2]
Vowel sounds
Front Central Back
High Шаблон:IPA link Шаблон:IPA link
Mid Шаблон:IPA link Шаблон:IPA link
Low Шаблон:IPA link

Pronouns

Pronouns seem to tie Bunak more closely to the Alor–Pantar languages, in a group Ross (2005) calls "West Timor", than with the Papuan East Timor languages. The independent pronouns and object prefixes, which appear to retain the proto-Trans–New Guinea dual suffix *-li, are as follows:

singular dual plural
1st person exclusive ne-to
n-
ne-li
n-
ne-i
n-
inclusive i-li
∅-
i
∅-
2nd person e-to
∅-
e-li
∅-
e-i
∅-
3rd person animate himo
g-
hala'i
g-
inanimate homo

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

References

External links

Шаблон:Languages of East Timor Шаблон:West Trans–New Guinea languages

Шаблон:EastTimor-stub Шаблон:TNG-lang-stub