Английская Википедия:Buyers club

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Шаблон:Short description A buyers club or buying club is a club organized to pool members' collective buying power, enabling them to make purchases at lower prices than are generally available, or to purchase goods that might be difficult to obtain independently.

Some key examples of buyers clubs include medical purchases of rare medications for treating HIV or hepatitis C sooner, at reduced cost for patients.

Community bulk purchases

In many parts of the United States, Canada, and Europe, families and individuals combine their purchasing power to buy items, typically bulk-type food, in a volume that generates a discounted price from the seller. The seller saves by having only one purchase order to manage and, possibly, less packaging and delivery to deal with. The buyers benefit from a lower per-unit cost and, incidentally, from an increased sense of community and sharing. Bulk-food sellers often provide tools so their customers can set up community buyers' clubs.[1]

The trend for buyers' clubs, or local coops, accelerated starting in the 1970s. However, these groups are organic in structure, locally governed, and can come into being and go out of existence without much publicity, so there is no precise figure for how many buyers' clubs of this sort exist or have existed.[2]

In the United Kingdom, the "Smarterbuys" scheme, which helps provide affordable loans to disadvantaged people so that they can buy essential goods, won the government's Buy Better Together Challenge prize in 2012. The Buy Better Together Challenge was launched by the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills and Co-operatives UK in December 2011 to encourage groups of consumers to work together to negotiate discounted rates for buying goods and services in bulk. The challenge received 110 entries and to seven finalists were selected. Fair Food Carlisle was awarded the runner-up prize for a scheme which uses buying groups to provide workplaces with a weekly supply of food from local businesses.[3]

AIDS epidemic

Шаблон:Expand section In the early days of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, AIDS buyers clubs became important as a means of obtaining medications not yet approved by the FDA that members thought might be useful in treating HIV and opportunistic infections.[4] The first and largest of these was the People With AIDS Health Group (PWA Health Group), founded in 1986 by Thomas Hannan, Joseph Sonnabend, and Michael Callen.[4][5][6][7] AIDS buyers clubs distributed such unapproved drugs as ribavirin, dextran sulfate, and DCNB (dinitrochlorobenzene), as well as cheaper pirated versions of zidovudine (AZT), which was the first antiretroviral drug that was FDA-approved for the treatment of HIV and AIDS in 1987. AIDS buyers clubs also distributed information about the disease and drug developments, and became an important source of AIDS treatment education and advocacy.[4][7] An example of an AIDS buyers club was drawn to wider prominence with the 2013 film release Dallas Buyers Club.

Hepatitis C

Шаблон:Expand section In response to the high price of modern direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatments for hepatitis C, the FixHepC buyers club was set up by James Freeman and his father John Freeman [8] in Australia in 2015 in order to help individual patients obtain legal access to generic versions of sofosbuvir, daclatasvir, and ledipasvir. At EASL International Liver Congress,[9] Dr. Freeman presented data[10] showing how generic versions are as effective as branded products.

Scams

In the United States, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) found that fraudulent or misleading buyers clubs were one of the top three types of consumer fraud in 2011, affecting about 0.6% of the US population every year.[11]

These memberships are typically sold in the course of selling another product, either with a free trial membership being a condition of making the purchase at the offered price or with a free trial membership being included as a "thank you" gift along with the initial purchase. The customer may not understand what was purchased or may believe that they have not authorized payment for the membership, and yet the credit card used for the initial purchase is billed for the buyer's club membership at the end of the free trial.[12] According to Iowa Attorney General Tom Miller, "Consumers often tell us they don't recall ever having spoken to the companies, and they don't understand how they can be charged when they have not given the company their credit card number."[13]

Sometimes, a wide variety of products are promised at a discount, and then once the fee is paid the products are unavailable or not as advertised.[14] This is particularly true for travel-related buying clubs.[15]

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Further reading

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ Manage My Coop, "How to Start Your Own Buying Club"
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  3. ↑ Шаблон:OGL-attribution
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 Шаблон:Cite book
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  7. ↑ 7,0 7,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  11. ↑ Federal Trade Commission, "FTC Survey for 2011 Shows an Estimated 25.6 Million Americans Fell Victim to Fraud"
  12. ↑ Federal Trade Commission, Consumer Fraud in the United States, 2011
  13. ↑ "Miller: Buying Clubs Ordered to Pay to Settle Deception Charges", November 13, 2001 (press release)
  14. ↑ Fraud Squad TV, Buyers Clubs Fraud
  15. ↑ National Consumers League, "Time for Vacation – Avoid Travel Scams"
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