Английская Википедия:Calumet (train)
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Italic title Шаблон:Infobox rail service
The Calumet, also commonly called the Valpo Local, was a Шаблон:Convert passenger train route operated by Amtrak between Chicago and Valparaiso, Indiana.[1] Despite Amtrak's mandate to provide only intercity service, the Calumet was a commuter train. Transferred from Conrail in 1979, the full route was shared with Amtrak's Broadway Limited until 1990; the Calumet was discontinued the next year.
History
The service first ran August 30, 1869, by the Pennsylvania Railroad on its Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railway, its main line from Pittsburgh west to Chicago. It was formally called the Chicago–Valparaiso Accommodation, but was usually colloquially referred to as the "Valpo Local" or "The Dummy".[1] From April 1, 1871, until January 1, 1920, the Pennsylvania Company operated the line.[2] After that it returned to direct operation by the Pennsylvania Railroad until February 1, 1968, when the PRR was merged into Penn Central Transportation. By that point, the route operated as a rush-hour commuter service,[3] with two trains traveling from Valparaiso to Chicago at 5:55 AM and 6:35 AM and two trains returning from Chicago to Valparaiso at 5:00 PM and 5:40 PM.
Шаблон:Chicago–Valparaiso Accommodation With the May 1, 1971, startup of Amtrak, all Penn Central intercity trains were taken over by Amtrak, but Penn Central continued to run commuter trains in several metropolitan areas, including the Valpo Local.
The bankrupt Penn Central merged into Conrail on April 1, 1976, which continued operations until 1979, at which point Amtrak took over.[4][5] The route was also served by the daily Broadway Limited to New York City, and on October 1, 1981, the daily Capitol Limited to Washington, DC, began using it. At first the Valpo Local was served by two daily trains, the Calumet and the Indiana Connection; the Indiana Connection was discontinued first.
Due to Conrail's desire to abandon part of the former PRR main line, the Broadway Limited and Capitol Limited were rerouted respectively onto the former Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and New York Central Railroad lines on November 11, 1990, leaving about half of the Calumet route with no other service.[6] Amtrak announced that it would discontinue the Calumet on December 31.[7] Representative Peter J. Visclosky introduced a bill to require Amtrak to continue operations until July 1, 1991 to allow time for the State of Indiana to consider subsidizing the route.[8] The date was changed to May 6 and the mandate was included in an amendment to the Independent Safety Board Act of 1974, signed into law November 28, 1990, by U.S. President George H. W. Bush.[9] Indiana decided not to pay the required $1.5 million per year[10] (equivalent to $Шаблон:Format price in Шаблон:Inflation year) and the weekday-only Calumet last ran Friday, May 3, 1991.[4][11]
Commuter service from Chicago into northern Indiana is still provided by the South Shore Line, operated by the Northern Indiana Commuter Transportation District over its own alignment, whose closest stop, Dune Park station, is Шаблон:Convert from Valparaiso, closer to Lake Michigan. The ChicaGo Dash express bus to Chicago, which operates during weekday rush hours, has for its Valparaiso terminal a parking lot adjacent the former rail station.[12][13]
On August 1, 2004, the Chicago, Fort Wayne and Eastern Railroad started freight operations over the old route of the Calumet and beyond.[14]
A study was conducted in 2017 to assess the return of service to Valparaiso, with the new service potentially running as far as Fort Wayne and northwest Ohio.[15]
Station stops
The Calumet and Indiana Connection were assigned numbers between 321 and 324, with odd numbers running westbound and even numbers eastbound. Trains made the following station stops (some of which closed prior to Amtrak's takeover of the route):[16]
| State | Municipality | Station | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Illinois | Chicago | Chicago | |
| Englewood | Closed 1973–74 | ||
| Шаблон:Stn | Closed 1950–55 | ||
| State Line | Closed 1972–73 | ||
| Indiana | Hammond | Hammond–Whiting | Opened 1982 |
| Whiting | Whiting | ||
| Standard | Closed 1972–73 | ||
| East Chicago | Mahoning | Closed 1975 | |
| Indiana Harbor | |||
| Gary | Buffington | Closed 1972–73 | |
| Gary | Located at 5th Ave. and Chase St. | ||
| Broadway | |||
| Hobart | Hobart | ||
| Wheeler | Wheeler | ||
| Valparaiso | Valparaiso[13] |
See also
- Michigan Executive, another discontinued Amtrak commuter rail line
References
External links
Шаблон:Attached KML Шаблон:Commons category multi
Шаблон:PRR named trains Шаблон:Former Amtrak routes Шаблон:Public Transportation in Northern Indiana Шаблон:Chicago Rail
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Dorin-Commuter
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 Шаблон:Cite news Шаблон:Open access
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite webШаблон:Unreliable source
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite magazine
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite webШаблон:Dead link
- ↑ http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c101:H.R.5660.IH: H.R. 5660]Шаблон:Dead link
- ↑ S. 3012 Шаблон:Webarchive
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite magazine
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 13,0 13,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite webШаблон:Unreliable source
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ March 3, 1971 and April 30, 1972 timetables
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