Английская Википедия:Canadian Pacific Hotels
Canadian Pacific Hotels (CPH) was a division of the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) that primarily operated hotels across Canada, since passenger revenue made a significant contribution to early railway profitability. CPR restructured the division as a subsidiary in 1963. In 1988, CPR purchased the Canadian National Hotels chain, making Canadian Pacific Hotels and Resorts the nation's largest hotel owner. In 1998, all CPH properties were branded as either Fairmont or Delta.
In 2006, Kingdom Hotels International and Colony Capital purchased Fairmont, consolidating their hotel brands to form Fairmont Raffles Hotels International (FRHI), which in turn became a subsidiary of AccorHotels in 2016. In 2007, BC Investment Management Corp. bought Delta Hotels, which was purchased by Marriott International in 2015. Шаблон:Multiple image
Early hotels
Since passenger revenue made a significant contribution to railway profitability,Шаблон:Sfn facilities, such as hotels, were essential for attracting passenger traffic. The three earliest locations (Mount Stephen House, Glacier House and North Bend) were initially only dining stops, necessary because steep railway grades made hauling a dining car uneconomical.[1] Thomas Sorby's design for these three hotels was inspired by Swiss Chalets.Шаблон:Sfn
Hotels were established mainly at locations that connected with other passenger rail or ferry routes, but some rural locations, especially in the Canadian Rockies/Selkirk Mountains, became tourist destinations in their own right. After the success of the original Banff Springs Hotel, described as a "Tudor chalet in wood",Шаблон:Sfn CPR lobbied the government to create Banff National Park, the first in Canada.Шаблон:Sfn Indisputably, national parks protected CPH's commercial interests in such localities.Шаблон:Sfn The opportunity to participate in mountaineering excursions, led by professional Swiss guides, featured in CPH's promotion of the respective accommodation.Шаблон:Sfn Scenic images, often including a hotel, illustrated the CPH publicity brochures.Шаблон:Sfn
Urban and township land sales financed the construction of the early hotels.Шаблон:Sfn In the late-19th to early-20th century, CPH commonly adopted a châteauesque architectural style for building, or enlarging, significant hotels.Шаблон:Sfn The earliest example was Château Frontenac.Шаблон:Sfn Notable features included steeply pitched copper roofs, blue-green from oxidation, ornate gables, dormer windows, and an irregular placement of towers and turrets.Шаблон:Sfn
The visual appeal of this design prompted other railway companies to imitate it.Шаблон:Sfn CPR, or its later competitors, Canadian Northern Railway and Grand Trunk Pacific Railway that became Canadian National Railway (CN), built grandiose railway hotels in every major Canadian city.Шаблон:Sfn However, CPR quickly reverted to a simpler style of a flat roof and limited ornamental features when designing most city hotels.Шаблон:Sfn
With growing automobile traffic, and tourists seeking cheaper accommodation, CPH retained only the more profitable urban and destination hotels. The resort hotels opened in summer only.[2] Year round opening began in 1969 for Banff Springs Hotel,[3] and in 1974 for Chateau Lake Louise.[4]
CPR restructured the division as a subsidiary in 1963.[5]
Bungalow camps & tea houses
Each bungalow camp, comprising a group of cabins with a communal lodge, was in a relatively remote forest area, reached by hiking or horseback. Although initially catering to an elite, mainly American, tourist, they ultimately attracted a broader audience. The log cabin at Lake Louise (1891–1893) was perhaps a forerunner to this concept.Шаблон:Sfn The subsequent adoption of the log design not only created a pioneer appearance, but also provided the necessary insulation for a cold mountainous region.Шаблон:Sfn CN copied the concept at Jasper Park Lodge.Шаблон:Sfn Despite the rustic cabin exteriors, the interiors contained the modern comforts of the period.Шаблон:Sfn Presented as more adventurous than a hotel stay, it was scarcely roughing it.Шаблон:Sfn Although primarily in the west, Ontario also had three camps.
The CPH rest structures and teahouses, at scenic locations along nearby trails, similarly adopted a rustic design. Teahouses existed at Summit Lake, Twin Falls, Natural Bridge, Lake Agnes and the Plain of Six Glaciers, the latter two still operating. Most rest houses were one-storey cabins at lower elevations.Шаблон:Sfn
CPH initially encouraged automobile travel by building camps along the Banff-Windermere Highway, which opened in 1923.Шаблон:Sfn In the 1930s, the term "bungalow" disappeared from the Canadian lexicon. When automobile vacationers switched to inexpensive campgrounds at this time, CPH disposed of the least profitable bungalow camps, followed by the remainder in the 1950s.Шаблон:Sfn
Later hotels
After a 24-year break in building or acquiring properties, CPH constructed a series of hotels and motels during 1955–1999. The larger ones mostly adopted the "Chateau" prefix. Several international properties were operated, before exiting that market.
Chains acquired
In 1988, CPR purchased the Canadian National Hotels chain, making Canadian Pacific Hotels and Resorts the nation's largest hotel owner.[6] In 1998, CPR purchased the Canadian Delta Hotels chain[7] and the international Princess Hotels chain.[8] The following year, San Francisco-based Fairmont Hotels and Resorts chain was acquired. Minority shareholders were Kingdom Hotels (USA) Ltd. and Maritz Wolff & Co, each holding a 16.5 per cent interest. All CPH properties were branded as either Fairmont or Delta. In 2001, CPH was renamed Fairmont Hotels and Resorts.[9] Later that year, Canadian Pacific Limited spun off all of its subsidiaries into separately traded companies, which included Fairmont Hotels and Resorts.[10]
In 2006, Kingdom Hotels International and Colony Capital, which also owned the Raffles and Swissôtel chains, bought Fairmont.[11] The following year, BC Investment Management Corp. bought Delta Hotels.[12] In 2015, AccorHotels acquired a controlling interest in FRHI, adding the Fairmont, Raffles, and Swissôtel chains to its Luxury Hotel Brands portfolio.[13] That year Marriott International bought the Delta chain.[14]
Canadian portfolio
Once under CP brand
Bungalow camps
Name | Opened |
Locality | Disposals/Redevelopment | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Emerald Lake Bungalow | 1901 | Emerald Lake | Шаблон:Small | 1959Шаблон:Sfn beginning of several lessee changes;[15] 1979 Pat & Connie O'Connor acquired.[16] Fairmont appears to still hold crown lease.[17] |
Moraine Lake Bungalow | 1913 | Moraine Lake | Шаблон:Small | 1930s sold. |
Lake O'Hara Bungalow | 1920 | Lake O'Hara | Шаблон:Small | 1954 Brewster-Ford Mountain Lodges;[18] lodge still operates;[19] Fairmont appears to still hold crown lease.[20] |
Lake Windermere Bnglw. | 1920 | Lk. Windermere | Шаблон:Small | 1929 sublease for girls' camp.[21] Fairmont appears to still hold crown lease.[22] |
Wapta Lake Bungalow | 1921 | Wapta Lake | Шаблон:Small | 1954 subleased;Шаблон:Sfn |
Storm (Castle) Mtn. Bnglw. | 1922 | Storm Mountain | Шаблон:Small | 1930s subleased;Шаблон:Sfn Storm Mountain Lodge.[23] |
Yoho Valley Bungalow | 1922 | Yoho Nat. Park | Шаблон:Small | 1954 subleased;Шаблон:Sfn The Whiskey Jack Hostel is the only surviving building.[24] |
Radium (Sinclair) Hot Springs Bungalow |
1923 | Radium | Шаблон:Small | 1948 subleased to Addison;[25] 2001 Addison's Bungalow Camp relocated.[26] |
Vermilion River Bungalow | 1923 | Vermilion River | Шаблон:Small | 1929 closed; 1932 subleased to Victor H. Lord, who revived it;Шаблон:Sfn now known as Kootenay Park Lodge; several subsequent sublessees.[27] |
Devil's Gap Bungalow | 1923 | Kenora | Шаблон:Small | 1961 sold to Austin H. Ford;[28] 2008 abandoned; 2019 partially destroyed by fire.[29] |
Nipigon River Bungalow | 1923 | Nipigon | Шаблон:Small | 1935 sold to Don Gapen, who ran as Chalet Lodge for several decades; 2018 Red Rock First Nation, refurbished and reopened.[30][31] |
French River Bungalow | 1923 | French River | Шаблон:Small | 1945 sold to Clarence Honey; 1965 beginning of several ownership changes; 1988–92 major renovations followed by 3 owners; now French River Lodge.[32][33] |
Hotels
Name | Opened | Locality | From chain/owner | CP Hotels | 1999 rename[9] | Disposals/Redevelopment | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Grand Hotel | Шаблон:Small1875 | Caledonia Springs |
Шаблон:Small | 1905 | unknown | Grand Hotel | 1915 closed; 1920 demolished.[34] | ||
Mount Stephen House | 1886 Шаблон:Small |
Field | Шаблон:Small | N/A | Mount Stephen House |
1918 YMCA hostel;[35] 1954 largely demolished; 1963 remainder demolished.[36] | |||
Glacier House | 1887 Шаблон:Small |
Glacier | Шаблон:Small | N/A | Glacier House | 1925 closed; 1929 demolished. | |||
Fraser Canyon House [37] |
1887Шаблон:Thin spaceШаблон:Small Шаблон:Small |
North Bend | Шаблон:Small | N/A | N. Bend Hotel | 1927 fire destroyed; 1929 rebuilt;[38] 1941 closed;[39] 1978 demolish.[37] | |||
Hotel Vancouver Шаблон:Small | 1888[40] | Vancouver | Шаблон:Small | N/A | Hotel Vancouver | 1915 demolished after main section of new hotel completed.[41] | |||
Banff Springs Hotel | 1888Шаблон:Thin spaceШаблон:Small Шаблон:Small Шаблон:Small |
Banff | Шаблон:Small | N/A | Banff Springs Hotel |
Шаблон:Maybe[42] | 1926 fire destroyed wooden 1888 building, leaving only 1914 concrete wing.[43] | ||
The Algonquin Resort | 1889Шаблон:Thin spaceШаблон:Small Шаблон:Small Шаблон:Small Шаблон:Small |
St. Andrews | Шаблон:Small | 1905 | St. Andrews Land Co. |
[44] | The Algonquin Resort |
Шаблон:Maybe | 1914 fire destroyed 1889 building; 2012 sold; 2013 Marriott Autograph Collection.[45] |
Cornwallis Hotel[46] | 1892Шаблон:Thin spaceШаблон:Small Шаблон:Small |
Kentville | Шаблон:Small | 1911 | Шаблон:Okay | Cornwallis Inn | 1963 Franklin brothers; 1976 closed; Don Wallace appt/off. conversion.[47] | ||
Château Frontenac | 1893 Шаблон:Small |
Quebec City | Шаблон:Small | N/A | Château Frontenac |
Шаблон:Maybe[48] | |||
Chateau Lake Louise | 1894Шаблон:Thin spaceШаблон:Small Шаблон:Small Шаблон:Small Шаблон:Small |
Banff | Шаблон:Small | N/A | Chateau Lake Louise |
Шаблон:Maybe[49] | 1924 fire destroyed wooden building, leaving only 1912 concrete wing.[50] | ||
Hotel Revelstoke | 1897[51] | Revelstoke | Шаблон:Small | N/A | Hotel Revelstoke |
1927 closed, 1928 dismantled.[51][52] | |||
Place Viger Hotel/Stn. | 1898 | Montreal | Шаблон:Small | N/A | Place Viger Hotel/Stn. |
1935 closed & disused; 2020 under redevelopment.[53] | |||
Manoir Richelieu | 1899Шаблон:Thin spaceШаблон:Small Шаблон:Small |
La Malbaie | Шаблон:Small | 1998 | Ray Malenfant |
Manoir Richelieu |
Шаблон:Maybe[54] | 1928 fire destroyed 1899 building. | |
Hotel Sicamous | 1900[44] | Sicamous | Шаблон:Small | N/A | Hotel Sicamous | 1932 leased out; 1956 closed;[55] 1964 demolished.[51] | |||
private residence | Шаблон:Small1900 | St. Andrews | Шаблон:Small | 1907 | Henry Osburn |
[56] | The Inn[57] | 1919 land swap with town;[56] 1937 destroyed.[58] | |
Station Hotel[57] | 1901 | McAdam | Шаблон:Small | N/A | McAdam Hotel/Stn. |
1959 closed;[59] now museum. | |||
The Pines, Digby | 1903Шаблон:Thin spaceШаблон:Small Шаблон:Small |
Digby | Шаблон:Small | 1917 | Harry B. Churchill |
The Pines, Digby |
1928 closed 1903 building; 1965 Nova Scotia government property; 2001 NS Signature property.[60][61] | ||
Royal Alexandra Hotel | 1906[44] | Winnipeg | Шаблон:Small | N/A | Royal Alexandra |
1967 closed; 1971 demolished.[62] | |||
The Empress (hotel) | 1908 Шаблон:Small |
Victoria | Шаблон:Small | N/A | The Empress |
Шаблон:Maybe[63] | |||
Kootenay Lake Hotel | 1911[51] | Balfour | Шаблон:Small | N/A | Kootenay Lake Hotel |
Шаблон:Small1915 closed; 1917 sanitorium; 1929 destroyed.[51] | |||
Château Laurier | 1912 Шаблон:Small |
Ottawa | Шаблон:Small | 1988 | Шаблон:Quit | Château Laurier |
Шаблон:Maybe[64] | ||
Cameron Lake Chalet/Station |
1912[51] | Cameron Lake |
Шаблон:Small | N/A | Cameron Lake Chalet |
1966 closed;[65] 1970 demolished.[66] | |||
Incola Hotel Шаблон:Small Hotel Incola |
1912[51] | Penticton | Шаблон:Small | N/A | Incola Hotel Шаблон:Small Hotel Incola |
1942 leased to local syndicate;[67] 1950 sold to Hencott Houses;[68] 1959 sold to Jack C. Young;[69] 1966–1975 multiple owners;[70] 1979 closed; 1981 demolished.[51] | |||
Palliser Hotel | 1914 Шаблон:Small |
Calgary | Шаблон:Small | N/A | Palliser Hotel |
Шаблон:Maybe[71] | |||
Hotel Macdonald | 1915 Шаблон:Small |
Edmonton | Шаблон:Small | 1988 | Шаблон:Quit | Hotel Macdonald |
Шаблон:Maybe[72] | 1983 demolition of 1953 extension. | |
Hotel Vancouver Шаблон:Small | 1916 | Vancouver | Шаблон:Small | N/A | Hotel Vancouver | 1939 repurposed as World War II barracks; 1946 veteran housing; 1948 vacated; 1949 demolished. | |||
Jasper Park Lodge Шаблон:Small |
1922 Шаблон:Small Шаблон:Small |
Jasper | Шаблон:Small | 1988 | Шаблон:Quit | Jasper Park Lodge |
Шаблон:Maybe[73] | 1952 fire destroyed 1923 lodge. | |
Newfoundland Hotel | 1926Шаблон:Thin spaceШаблон:Small Шаблон:Small |
St. John's | Шаблон:Small | 1988 | Шаблон:Quit | Hotel Newfoundland |
Шаблон:Maybe | 2009 Sheraton Newfoundland.[74] | |
Hotel Saskatchewan | 1927 | Regina | Шаблон:Small | N/A | Hotel Saskatchewan |
1980 onwards various operators; 1993 Radisson property;[75] 2015 Marriott Autograph Collection.[76][77] | |||
Lord Nelson Hotel | 1928 Шаблон:Small |
Halifax | Шаблон:Small | N/A | Lord Nelson Hotel |
1947 sold to local interests.[78][79] | |||
Royal York Hotel | 1929 Шаблон:Small |
Toronto | Шаблон:Small | N/A | Royal York Hotel |
Шаблон:Maybe[80] | |||
Château Montebello | 1930 | Montebello | Шаблон:Small | N/A | Château Montebello |
Шаблон:Maybe[81] | 1930 leased by Seigniory Club; 1970 CP resumed operation. | ||
Lakeside Inn | 1931[82] | Yarmouth | Шаблон:Small | N/A | Lakeside Inn | 1960 sold to be nursing home.[83] | |||
Hotel Vancouver (3rd) | 1939 | Vancouver | Шаблон:Small | 1988 | Шаблон:Quit | Hotel Vancouver |
Шаблон:Maybe[84] | ||
Timberline Hotel | 1955[85] | Banff | Шаблон:Small | 1963 | Timberline Hotel Ltd. |
[86] | Timberline Hotel | 1966 terminated lease;[87] 2005 renamed the Juniper Hotel by Decore Hotels.[88][89] | |
The Queen Elizabeth Hotel |
1958 | Montreal | Шаблон:Small | 1988 | Шаблон:Quit | Queen Elizabeth Hotel |
Шаблон:Maybe[90] | ||
Chateau Lacombe Hotel | 1966 | Edmonton | Шаблон:Small | N/A | Chateau Lacombe Hotel |
1991 Holiday Inn Crowne Plaza; 1995 Crowne Plaza Chateau Lacombe; 2013 independent. | |||
Château Champlain | 1967 | Montreal | Шаблон:Small | N/A | Château Champlain |
1995 Montreal Marriott Château Champlain.[91] | |||
Winnipeg Inn Шаблон:Small Westin Hotel Winnipeg |
1970[92] | Winnipeg | Шаблон:Small | 1998 | Westin Hotels |
The Lombard | Шаблон:Maybe[92][93] | ||
Le Baron Hotel | 1970[94] | Trois-Rivières | Шаблон:Small | N/A | Le Baron | Choice Hotel Urbania; Шаблон:Small2012 rename Rodeway Inn.[95] | |||
Northstar Inn | 1971[96] | Winnipeg | Шаблон:Small | N/A | Northstar Inn | 1983 Delta; 1998 Radisson.[97][98] | |||
Red Oak Inn | 1972[99] | Brandon | Шаблон:Small | N/A | Red Oak Inn | Шаблон:Small1982 Royal Oak Inn; 1990 Genesis acquired; 2017 Choice Clarion Hotel & Suites.[100][101][102] | |||
Hotel Beauséjour | 1972[103] | Moncton | Шаблон:Small | 1988 | Шаблон:Quit | Hotel Beauséjour |
Шаблон:Good[104] | ||
Chateau Halifax | 1973[105] | Halifax | Шаблон:Small | N/A | Chateau Halifax | Шаблон:Good | 2019 SilverBirch Hotel Halifax[106][107][108] | ||
Red Oak Inn | 1974[109] | Thunder Bay | Шаблон:Small | N/A | Red Oak Inn | 1993 Victoria Inn Hotel & Convention Centre[100][110] | |||
Red Oak Inn | 1974[111] | Peterborough | Шаблон:Small | N/A | Red Oak Inn | 1998 Princess Gardens seniors residence.[112][113] | |||
Le Château de l'Aéroport |
1977 | Mirabel | Шаблон:Small | N/A | Le Château de l'Aéroport |
2002 hotel abandoned; 2004 airport abandoned. | |||
Chateau Calgary Airport |
1979[114] | Calgary | Шаблон:Small | N/A | Chateau Calgary Apt. |
Шаблон:Good.[115] | |||
Prince Edward Hotel | 1982[116] | Charlottetown | Шаблон:Small | N/A | Prince Edward Hotel |
Шаблон:Good.[117] | |||
Sheraton Toronto East | 1982[118] | Scarborough | Шаблон:Small | 1998 | Sheraton[119] | Шаблон:Good[118] | |||
L'Hôtel | 1984 | Downtown Toronto |
Шаблон:Small | 1988 | Шаблон:Quit | L'Hôtel | 1993 InterContinental Crowne Plaza Toronto Centre; 2003 rename InterContinental Toronto Centre.[120] | ||
Hotel/Lodge Kananaskis | 1987[121] | Kananaskis Village |
Шаблон:Small | N/A | Hotel/Lodge Kananaskis |
Шаблон:Good | 2015 Marriott Pomeroy Kananaskis Mtn. Lodge.[121][122] | ||
Chateau Whistler | 1989[123] | Whistler | Шаблон:Small | N/A | Chateau Whistler |
Шаблон:Maybe[124] | |||
Skydome Hotel | 1989[125] | Downtown Toronto |
Шаблон:Small | N/A | Skydome Hotel | 1999 Renaissance Toronto Dtn;[126] 2017 rename Toronto Marriott City Centre Hotel.[127] | |||
Waterfront Centre | 1991[128] | Vancouver | Шаблон:Small | N/A | Waterfront Centre |
Шаблон:Maybe[129] | |||
Chateau Mt. Tremblant | 1996[130] | Mt-Tremblant | Шаблон:Small | N/A | Chateau Mt. Tremblant |
Шаблон:Maybe[131] | |||
Vancouver Airport Place | 1999[132] | Richmond | Шаблон:Small | N/A | Vancouver Airport Place |
Шаблон:Maybe[133] |
Once under Delta brand
(See Delta Hotels)
US/international portfolio
Once under CP brand
Bahamas
Curaçao
Germany
Israel
Mexico
United States
|
Acquired Fairmont properties
Name | Opened | Locality | Disposals/Redevelopment | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
The Fairmont New Orleans | 1893 | Downtown New Orleans, Louisiana | 2005 closed; 2007 sold; 2009 reopened by Waldorf Astoria as The Roosevelt New Orleans |
[134][135] | |
Fairmont San Francisco | 1907 | San Francisco, Northern California | [136] | ||
The Plaza | 1907 | Midtown Manhattan, New York City | [137] | ||
Fairmont Copley Plaza | 1912 | Downtown Boston, Massachusetts | [138] | ||
The Fairmont Dallas | 1969 | Downtown Dallas, Texas | [139] | ||
Fairmont Chicago | 1987 | Chicago, Illinois | [140] | ||
The Fairmont San Jose | 1987 | Downtown San Jose, Southern California | [141] | closed 2021, reopened as Signia by Hilton San Jose in 2022 |
Acquired Princess properties
Name | Opened [142] |
Locality | 1999 rename | Disposals/Redevelopment | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The Hamilton Princess | 1884 | Pembroke, Bermuda | Шаблон:Maybe | [143] | ||
Pierre Marques | 1958 | Acapulco, Mexico | Шаблон:Maybe | 2015 independent: The Pierre Mundo Imperial | [144][145] | |
Acapulco Princess | 1971 | Acapulco, Mexico | Шаблон:Maybe | 2015 independent: The Princess Mundo Imperial | [144][146] | |
The Southampton Princess | 1972 | Southampton Parish, Bermuda | Шаблон:Maybe | [147] | ||
Princess Glitter Bay | 1981 | Saint James, Barbados | Шаблон:Maybe | 2004 sold; Шаблон:Small2006 converted to Royal Glitter Bay Villas. |
[148] | |
Royal Pavilion | 1987 | Saint James, Barbados | Шаблон:Maybe | [149] | ||
Scottsdale Princess | 1987 | Scottsdale, Arizona | Шаблон:Maybe | [150] |
Footnotes
References
Шаблон:Canada's railway hotels Шаблон:Authority control
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- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 144,0 144,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- Английская Википедия
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- Википедия
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