Файл:Histopathology of endocervical polyp.jpgHistopathology of endocervical polyp: With endocervical epithelium and glands (mucinous columnar linings), edematous stroma and clear congestion. H&E stain.[1]
A cervical polyp is a common benignpolyp or tumour on the surface of the cervical canal.[2] They can cause irregular menstrual bleeding but often show no symptoms. Treatment consists of simple removal of the polyp and prognosis is generally good. About 1% of cervical polyps will show neoplastic change which may lead to cancer. They are most common in post-menarche, pre-menopausal women who have been pregnant.
Cervical polyps often show no symptoms.[3] Where there are symptoms, they include intermenstrual bleeding, abnormally heavy menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia), vaginal bleeding in post-menopausal women, bleeding after sex and thick white vaginal or yellowish discharge (leukorrhoea).[4][5][6][7]
Cause
The cause of cervical polyps is uncertain, but they are often associated with inflammation of the cervix.[8] They may also occur as a result of raised levels of estrogen or clogged cervical blood vessels.[4]
Diagnosis
Cervical polyps can be seen during a pelvic examination as red or purple projections from the cervical canal.[4] Diagnosis can be confirmed by a cervical biopsy which will reveal the nature of the cells present.[4]
Structure
Cervical polyps are finger-like growths, generally less than 1 cm in diameter.[4][5] They are generally bright red in colour, with a spongy texture.[3] They may be attached to the cervix by a stalk (pedunculated) and occasionally prolapse into the vagina where they can be mistaken for endometrial polyps or submucosalfibroids.[5]
Treatment
Cervical polyps can be removed using ring forceps.[9] They can also be removed by tying surgical string around the polyp and cutting it off.[4] The remaining base of the polyp can then be removed using a laser or by cauterisation.[4] If the polyp is infected, an antibiotic may be prescribed.[4]
Prognosis
99% of cervical polyps will remain benign and 1% will at some point show neoplastic change.[10] Cervical polyps are unlikely to regrow.[4]
Epidemiology
Cervical polyps are most common in women who have had children and perimenopausal women.[3] They are rare in pre-menstrual girls and uncommon in post-menopausal women.[7]
↑Шаблон:Cite journal Last Update: November 14, 2021. - This book is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
