Английская Википедия:Chinese cruiser Hai Tien
Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship characteristics
Hai Tien (Шаблон:Lang-zh) was the second ship of the Шаблон:Sclass of protected cruisers and one of the last built for the Manchu Qing dynasty.[1]
Background
In the late 19th century, China, which had been ruled for over two hundred years by the Qing dynasty, was subject to a series of humiliating unequal treaties with foreign powers after a devastating military defeat at the hands of the emerging Empire of Japan. With their armies and navies shattered, China appeared weak to the great powers who were eager to expand their financial and political control over China. In order to rebuild their military and reassert their own national sovereignty, the Qing government appointed the Marquis of Suyi, Li Hongzhang, as a special envoy to Europe in May 1896. Li, a veteran diplomat, was tasked with ordering new warships from foreign dockyards, visiting the Russian Empire, German Empire, Belgium and the United Kingdom throughout summer 1896. A pair of protected cruisers were ordered from Armstrong Whitworth of Newcastle upon Tyne in the United Kingdom as part of this. Hai Tien was ordered along with her sister ship Шаблон:Ship in October 1896, two months after Li's visit to Britain. The two ships were based on an improved Шаблон:Ship design, which Armstrong Whitworth had built for Argentina a year earlier but made to Chinese dimensional specifications. Hai Tien, although laid down 16 February 1897, three months after Hai Chi, and launched 25 November 1897, two months after Hai Chi's launch, was completed a month ahead of the Hai Chi. Both ships were brought to China by a contract crew, and handed over to the China's Beiyang Fleet in August 1899. Hai Chi and Hai Tien were the largest ships in the Chinese navy until after World War II.
Service history
Hai Tien had a very brief and uneventful career in the Qing Navy. Shortly after the start of Boxer Rebellion which plunged China into chaos, the Beiyang Fleet was sent to reinforce the Dagu forts on 31 May 1900. During this time there was an uneasy state of high alert between the increasing number of foreign warships and the Chinese fleet, although tensions were high no shots were fired between the two sides. Eventually on 16 June 1900, the twenty-three ships of the Eight-Nation Alliance anchored off Dagu made an ultimatum to the fort, demanding its surrender to the allied fleet in order to relieve the Siege of the International Legations in the capital, Beijing. The commanding officer of the forts, General Luo Rongguang refused and opened fire on the foreign ships, leading to the Battle of Dagu Forts. The anti-Boxer governor of Shandong, Yuan Shikai ordered the Beiyang fleet south, in order to prevent the possibility of the outgunned ships from being captured or destroyed by the alliance navies, as had happened to the four new German-built Шаблон:Sclasss and the torpedo gunboat Шаблон:Ship. These five ships were captured by allied forces during the capture of the forts dock facilities. From Dagu, the remains of the Beiyang fleet, which consisted of the protected cruisers Hai Tien, Шаблон:Ship, Шаблон:Ship, and the torpedo gunboat Шаблон:Ship, sailed south to Shanghai and finally to Jiangyin where they quietly stayed for the next year with the Nanyang Fleet until the end of the war on 7 September 1901.[2]
Less than four years later at 5:30 AM on 25 April 1904, Hai Tien under the command of future admiral Liu Guanxiong was sailing to Shanghai from Zhifu when he became engulfed in fog at Weihai. Hai Tien overshot the entrance to the Yangtze River and struck a pinnacle rock just off the Shengsi Islands in Hangzhou Bay. Her crew had abandoned her by the evening and was rescued by passing Chinese customs cruisers. Attempts to salvage the ship failed save for the rescue of her EOC 8 inch 45 caliber guns. This left Hai Chi as the sole surviving member of her class for the rest of her service.[3]
Notes
External links
Шаблон:Hai Chi class cruisers Шаблон:1904 shipwrecks
- Английская Википедия
- Hai Chi-class cruisers
- 1911 in military history
- Cruisers of the Beiyang Fleet
- 1897 ships
- Naval ships of China
- Maritime incidents in 1904
- Shipwrecks of China
- Cruisers of Imperial China
- Ships built by Armstrong Whitworth
- Ships built on the River Tyne
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
- Статья из Английской Википедии