The Citância de Sanfins is an archaeological site of the Castro culture located in the Portuguesecivil parish of Sanfins de Ferreira in the municipality of Paços de Ferreira.[1] The construction of the Castro site developed over many phases, between the 5th century BCE and the 2nd century CE.[2] The Castro had a period of Roman occupation that started during the 3rd Century CE, being abandoned during the 4th Century CE.[1] The site also includes a chapel dedicated to Saint Romanus (c. 14th Century) and 34 graves belonging to a Christian cemetery from the Medieval age (c. 13th Century CE).[1] The Castro was first dug in 1895 by Francisco Martins Sarmento e José Leite de Vasconcelos and the last interventions were in 1995, when one of the houses was reconstructed and a warrior statue replica was put near the entrance of the second wall.[3]
The Citânia was protected by three lines of walls, with an exterior wall protecting the West and South and a moat in the North and South.[2] These walls were created using local granite blocks.[2] About 160 houses have been found within the Citânia walls.[4] Most of these houses are circular, with diameters of about 5m, granitic stone walls, and conic ceilings made of perishable materials.[2] These houses typically form neighborhoods of 4 or 5 buildings, facing a common patio and surrounded by a wall, forming areas of 200-300m2.[4] On the periphery of the Citânia, a public bath building was found.[4] Warrior statues were found in the Citânia, one of them overseeing the main entrance of the Citânia.[2] The Citânia has a main road with a north–south orientation and collateral roads of east–west orientation.[4]
