Английская Википедия:Clatford Stone Circle
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Clatford Stone Circle, also known as The Broadstones, was a stone circle located in the village of Clatford in the south-western English county of Wiltshire.
Clatford Stone Circle was part of a tradition of stone circle construction that spread through much of Great Britain, Ireland, and Brittany between 3,300 and 900 BCE, during the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age. The stone circle tradition was accompanied by the construction of timber circles and earthen henges, reflecting a growing emphasis on circular monuments. The purpose of such rings is unknown, although archaeologists speculate that the stones represented supernatural entities for the circle's builders.
The circle was visited and described by the antiquarian William Stukeley. By 1890, the stones that had comprised the circle had been removed.
Description
Clatford Stone Circle stood at Clatford Bottom in the valley of the River Kennet, close to a flex in the river.Шаблон:Sfn Burl stated that it was probably in Broadstone West MeadowsШаблон:Sfn which would have made it approximately an hour's walk from Avebury.Шаблон:Sfn The site was overlooked by a number of barrows dating from the Early Bronze Age.Шаблон:Sfn
Stukeley described how, "over against Clatford at a flexture in the river, we met with several great stones" that were "flat upon the ground".Шаблон:Sfn The site was destroyed in the 1880s,Шаблон:Sfn for none of the stones remained by 1890.Шаблон:Sfn
Context
While the transition from the Early Neolithic to the Late Neolithic in the fourth and third millennia BCE saw much economic and technological continuity, there was a considerable change in the style of monuments erected, particularly in what is now southern and eastern England.Шаблон:Sfn By 3000 BCE, the long barrows, causewayed enclosures, and cursuses which had predominated in the Early Neolithic were no longer built, and had been replaced by circular monuments of various kinds.Шаблон:Sfn These include earthen henges, timber circles, and stone circles.Шаблон:Sfn Stone circles are found in most areas of Britain where stone is available, with the exception of the island's south-eastern corner.Шаблон:Sfn They are most densely concentrated in south-western Britain and on the north-eastern horn of Scotland, near Aberdeen.Шаблон:Sfn The tradition of their construction may have lasted for 2,400 years, from 3300 to 900 BCE, with the major phase of building taking place between 3000 and 1,300 BCE.Шаблон:Sfn
These stone circles typically show very little evidence of human visitation during the period immediately following their creation.Шаблон:Sfn This suggests that they were not sites used for rituals that left archaeologically visible evidence, but may have been deliberately left as "silent and empty monuments".Шаблон:Sfn The archaeologist Mike Parker Pearson suggests that in Neolithic Britain, stone was associated with the dead, and wood with the living.Шаблон:Sfn Other archaeologists have suggested that the stone might not represent ancestors, but rather other supernatural entities, such as deities.Шаблон:Sfn
In the area of modern Wiltshire, various stone circles were erected, the best known of which are Avebury and Stonehenge. All of the other examples are ruined, and in some cases have been destroyed.Шаблон:Sfn As noted by the archaeologist Aubrey Burl, these examples have left behind "only frustrating descriptions and vague positions".Шаблон:Sfn Most of the known Wiltshire examples were erected on low-lying positions in the landscape.Шаблон:Sfn There are four smaller stone circles known from the area surrounding Avebury: The Sanctuary, Winterbourne Bassett Stone Circle, Clatford Stone Circle, and Falkner's Circle.Шаблон:Sfn Archaeologists initially suggested that a fifth example could be seen at Langdean Bottom near the village of West Overton, although further investigation has reinterpreted this as evidence for a late prehistoric hut circle or a medieval feature.Шаблон:Sfnm Burl suggested that these smaller stone related to Avebury in a manner akin to "village churches within the diocese of a cathedral".Шаблон:Sfn Clatford Stone Circle shares various characteristics with Falkner's Circle in that both contained comparatively few stones, were located in valleys, and had a diameter akin to that of the outer ring of The Sanctuary.Шаблон:Sfn
Antiquarian and archaeological investigation
Knowledge of Clatford Stone Circle derives almost entirely from antiquarian sources.Шаблон:Sfn The archaeologists Joshua Pollard and Andrew Reynolds thought that the documentation of Clatford Stone Circle had been "marginally better" than that at Falkner's Circle.Шаблон:Sfn Pollard and Reynolds stated that there was a "real need" for archaeologists to establish whether Clatford Stone Circle really was a human-built structure or whether it had been a scatter of natural stones mistaken for the former.Шаблон:Sfn
References
Footnotes
Bibliography
Further reading
- Aubrey I, 50-51
- R. Gay, c. 1660 in Legg 1986, p. 26
- Stukeley, 1776, I, 140
- WAM 52, 1947–48, 390-92
- WAM 56, 1955, 192-3
External links
- Broadstones (Clatford Circle) at The Megalithic Portal
- Broad Stones (Clatford) at The Modern Antiquarian
- Broad Stones, Clatford, Wiltshire at The Northern Antiquarian
Шаблон:Stone Circles of Ireland, Britain, and Brittany
