Английская Википедия:Climate of Barcelona

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Файл:Barcelona climate-chart.png

Barcelona climate chart

Barcelona has a Mediterranean climate (Csa) according to Köppen-Geiger classification, a warm-temperate subtropical climate (Warmgemäßigt-subtropisches Zonenklima) according to Troll-Paffen climate classification, and a subtropical climate according to Siegmund/Frankenberg climate classification.

Temperature

General

Yearly max temp	Yearly mean temp	Yearly min temp
Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert

Its average annual temperature is Шаблон:Convert during the day and Шаблон:Convert at night. In the coldest month – January, typically the temperature ranges from Шаблон:Convert during the day and Шаблон:Convert at night. In the warmest month – August, the typically temperature ranges from Шаблон:Convert during the day and about from Шаблон:Convert at night. Large fluctuations in temperature are very rare.

Seasonal climate

Файл:Sre302.png

Winter in Barcelona: mild and relatively dry

Winter

Winters in Barcelona are mild. January and February are the coldest months, with average temperatures around Шаблон:Convert during the day and Шаблон:Convert at night. The hills around the city (such as Montjuic) and in the outer metropolitan area, further from the sea, occasionally record frost at night. Frost during the day has been recorded in the city and inner metropolitan area during the strongest cold waves and snowstorms, but is very rare overall. The last time the city recorded a temperature below freezing was on 27 January 2005.

Spring

Spring lasts usually from March to late May, although in some years it might get into June. Maxima are around Шаблон:Convert and minima around Шаблон:Convert. Rain is more frequent in spring than in winter and summer, but less than autumn.

Summer

Generally the summer season lasts from late May or early June to late September or early October. July and August are the warmest months, with average temperatures around Шаблон:Convert during the day and Шаблон:Convert at night. In June and September the average temperature is around Шаблон:Convert during the day and Шаблон:Convert at night. Daytime temperatures above Шаблон:Convert are rare.

Autumn

Autumn is the rainiest season of the year, lasting from October to December. Maxima are around Шаблон:Convert and minima around Шаблон:Convert.

Sunshine

Sunshine duration is 2,524 hours per year, from 138 - average 4.5 hours of sunshine per day in December to 310 - average 10 hours of sunshine per day in July. Barcelona has an average seasonal UV index close to that of Madrid, different only in March but with the same annual average of 5, with the values varying from 9 in June and July to 1 in December. Although at about the same latitude New Haven, Connecticut has values a little lower than Barcelona but still close.

Daylight

In winter, days are not as short as in the northern part of the continent, as the average hours of daylight in December, January and February is 10 (for comparison: London or Moscow or Warsaw - about 8 hours).

Average hours of daylight

Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
hours of light	10	11	12	13	15	15	15	14	12	11	10	9
hours of Twilight/Night	14	13	12	11	9	9	9	10	12	13	14	15

Precipitation

Barcelona has on average only 55 precipitation days a year, therein average several rainy days per month (≥ 1 mm), ranging from 2 in July to 6 in October. The average annual precipitation is less than 640 mm (25 inches), ranging from 20 mm (0.79 inch) in July to 91 mm (3.58 inch) in October.

As the city lies on a leeward location relative to the westerlies, the largest amounts of rainfall in the cold season are produced by easternly (backdoor) cold fronts or "Levanters", which can last several days and be enhanced when an Atlantic cutoff travels through the Straits of Gibraltar into the Alboran Sea. So although Atlantic cyclones usually produce little or no precipitation at all, the slipstream effect ("rebuf" in Catalan) behind a cold front or a trough, when N-NW winds from the Ebro valley ("mestral") and the easternmost Pyrenees ("tramuntana") converge around Barcelona, brings rain or, in case of enough low temperatures, snow, as in November 1999. Especially in summer, when sea surface temperature (SST) is higher, convective precipitation can happen in the form of warm rain (i.e. from the coalescence of water droplets without ice formation) instead of a conventional thunderstorm. Either way, these storms can be heavy and lead to flash floods in the lowest parts of the city.

Humidity

Average relative humidity is 72%, ranging from 69% in July to 75% in October.

Snow

Snowfalls in the city are rare, but light snowfall events can happen any year on the top of the mountains around the city and in the depths of the metropolitan area (far from the sea) more frequently. A heavy snowfall occurred in Christmas 1962, being the heaviest snowfall recorded in Barcelona since 1887. In the 21st century, the heaviest snowfall happened on 8 March 2010, a thundersnow during which public transport and roads were shut down.

Temperature extremes

The highest temperature recorded during the day was Шаблон:Convert on 27 August 2010; the average August 2003 maximum temperature during the day was Шаблон:Convert. The coldest temperature recorded was Шаблон:Convert at night on 27 December 1962.

Fog

Barcelona is generally a sunny city, however, some days of fog and spells of overcast days are not rare. Sea fog is frequent in early spring, when the first warm African air masses come in over the cold sea water.

Thunderstorms

Thunderstorms, which occasionally reach severe limits, are common from mid July until November. The most recent major summer storm was on the 31 July 2002, when over Шаблон:Convert of rain were recorded at some observatories.

Winds

Though Barcelona is normally not a windy city,Шаблон:Citation needed it is affected by sea breezes from May/June to September and winds from the west and northwest in winter. Eastern gales sometimes cause floods on the coastline. East and northeast winds can exceed Шаблон:Convert. In winter Barcelona is sometimes affected by the tramontana or mistral winds, like other places in the Northwestern Mediterranean Basin.

Wind direction in Barcelona
Файл:Brosen windrose.svg 7,2% 3,7% 15,2% 11,3% 21,1% 33,7% 4,4% 3,4%

Wind direction in Barcelona from 2002 to 2012 (average values)
North	Northeast	East	South East	Southern	Southwest	West	Northwest
7.2%	3.7%	15.2%	11.3%	21.1%	33.7%	4.4%	3.4%
Source: world-weather.ru

Sea temperature

Average annual temperature of sea is about Шаблон:Convert. In the coldest month – January, the average sea temperature is Шаблон:Convert. In the warmest month – August, the average sea temperature is Шаблон:Convert.

Average sea temperature, according to weather2travel.com:

Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert

Average sea temperature, according to seatemperature.org:

Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert

Seasonal information

Snow is rare in Barcelona (falling only once every two years on average), although there are resorts for winter sports in the Pyrenees 100–150 km from the city such as La Molina. Summers in Barcelona area are warm. Summer temperatures - above Шаблон:Convert - begin as early as May, although in this month the sea temperature is still mild: around Шаблон:Convert. The summer season ends in October. Over the summer season (4 months), the average temperatures is Шаблон:Convert during the day and the average sea temperature is Шаблон:Convert. The weather in Barcelona during spring and autumn can be very changeable. During these months it can rain for quite long periods, but consecutive sunny days are also fairly common. The difference between temperatures during day and night is small because of the strong maritime influence, very rarely surpassing 10 °C.

See also

Climate in other places in Iberian Peninsula:

• Climate of Valencia
• Climate of Madrid
• Climate of Bilbao
• Climate of Lisbon
• Climate of Porto
• Climate of Spain
• Climate of Gibraltar

External links

• Sèries climàtiques històriques (1950–2015) Шаблон:Webarchive - Servei Meteorològic de Catalunya – Generalitat de Catalunya
• Snowfall in Barcelona (1962) on Homage to BCN