Английская Википедия:Coast Guard Administration (Taiwan)

The Coast Guard Administration of the Ocean Affairs Council (CGA; Шаблон:Zh), also known as the Taiwan Coast Guard or R.O.C. Coast Guard, is charged with maintaining law and order, protecting the resources of the territorial waters of the Republic of China (Taiwan), which surrounds Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu Islands, Green Island, Orchid Island, Pratas Island (Tungsha/Dongsha), and Nansha Islands as well as providing a first line of defense along coastal areas against smugglers and illegal immigrants. The CGA is considered a civilian law enforcement agency under the administration of the Ocean Affairs Council of the Executive Yuan, though during emergencies it may be incorporated as part of the Republic of China Armed Forces.^[1]

The Coast Guard Administration is mainly composed of former police officers, military personnel, and civilian civil servants.

Organization

The Coast Guard Administration is headed by one minister and three deputy ministers. The CGA includes eight departments, one office and five task forces, as well as a Maritime Patrol Directorate General and a Coastal Patrol Directorate General. Its jurisdiction covers the waters surrounding Kinmen, Matsu, Penghu, and the main island of Taiwan to ensure proper protection of the 1,819.8 kilometers coastline and 540,000 square kilometers of "Blue Territory," which is 15 times larger than the island of Taiwan.^[2]

Maritime Patrol Directorate General

The Maritime Patrol Directorate General is responsible for all maritime patrols and operations at sea.^[2]^[3]

1 - 16th Offshore Flotillas
Northern, Southern, Central, and Eastern Flotilla Sectors

Coastal Patrol Directorate General

The Coastal Patrol Directorate General is responsible for land based operations, primarily the patrolling of harbors, beaches and other coastal areas.^[2]^[3]

Northern, Southern, Central, and Eastern Coastal Patrol Offices

Special Task Unit

Шаблон:Main

Файл:CGA STU 6.jpg

CGA STU 6

The Special Task Unit is an elite special forces unit of the CGA similar to the Military Police Special Services Company or the National Police Agency's Thunder Squad.^[4] During the 36th annual Han Kuang exercises they participated alongside special operations units from other branches in anti-decapitation drills.^[5]

Scope

Article two of the Coast Guard Law splits the responsibilities of the CGA into three zones, their core area (Shoreline to the end of the Exclusive Economic Zone), Waters temporarily or tentatively within the area of law enforcement, and International waters fisheries patrol.^[6]

Core area

This includes all land within 500 meters of the high tide line, Territorial waters (extending 12 nm from shoreline), the Contiguous zone (extending 24 nm from shore), and the Exclusive Economic Zone (extending 200 nm from shore).^[6]

Waters temporarily or tentatively within the area of law enforcement

These are waters within the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) were Taiwanese EEZs overlap with those of neighboring nations "where negotiations for delimitation have not yet reached a consensus."^[6]

International waters

The CGA conducts fisheries patrols in international waters, particularly the north and midwest Pacific Ocean.^[6]

History

Файл:偉星艦（2000噸級） 02.jpg

Wei Hsing (CG102), a 1,800-ton patrol vessel built for Coast Guard Administration

Файл:2007-11-13 Headquarters of Coast Guard Administration, Executive Yuan.jpg

Coast Guard Administration building.

Файл:105年11月29日南沙太平島南援一號操演 09.jpg

CGA Cutter engaged in an inter-agency counter-hybrid warfare exercise

The CGA was established on 1 February 2000,^[7] combining the Coast Guard Command (formerly under the Ministry of Defense), the Marine Police Bureau (formerly under the National Police Administration, Ministry of Interior), and several cutters from the Taiwan Directorate General of Customs, Ministry of Finance. The CGA formally unifies coastal and maritime law enforcement agencies.^[8]

It has seen a great deal of action for a young agency, participating in numerous search and rescue and anti-smuggling operations. The Coast Guard Administration was also recently involved in escorting Taiwanese fishing boats into waters disputed with Japan claimed by both sides as part of their exclusive economic zones.^[3]

In the late 2010s, China escalated to grey-zone actions against Taiwan in an attempt to achieve unification with the self-governing island.^[9] The Coast Guard Administration had to expand rapidly to meet the rising grey-zone challenge.^[10] China's grey-zone operations against Taiwan in the maritime domain are meant to establish presence while maintaining plausible deniability.^[11]

In May 2019 the CGA detained two Chinese fishing vessels for illegally fishing inside Taiwan's territorial waters. One vessel was 0.4 nautical miles off Taiwanese shores while the other was 2.1 nautical miles offshore.^[12]

In May 2019 the CGA rescued six fishermen aboard a burning boat nineteen miles offshore.^[13] Five fisherman were picked up by cutter while the most seriously injured was airlifted to hospital by helicopter. All fishermen survived the ordeal although three required hospitalization.^[14]

On March 1, 2020, three coast guard cutters clearing illegal fishing nets off Little Kinmen island were attacked by Chinese fishing boats which had to be repelled with warning shots from a shotgun.^[15]

On March 16, 2020, the patrol boats CP-1022 and CP-2006 of the 9th Offshore Flotilla based on Kinmen were attacked by ten Chinese speedboats. They had been assisting a Kinmen County Government Fisheries Research Institute patrol boat in clearing fishing nets illegally left in Taiwanese waters by Chinese fishermen when they came under attack from the men in speedboats throwing rocks and bottles. During the incident CP-1022 was rammed at speed and lost the function of two of their three engines and its hull was damaged.^[15] The CGA responded to the attack using less lethal means including stun grenades and bean bag rounds which caused the attacking boats to retreat.^[16]

In July 2020 the CGA arrested all 18 crew members of a Chinese fishing vessel caught fishing illegally in Taiwanese waters. The interdiction followed an increase in illegal fishing in Taiwanese waters by Chinese fishing vessels.^[17]

Between January and July 2020 the CGA chased 2,988 Chinese sand dredging vessels out of Taiwanese waters. In July 2020 the CGA seized a dredging vessel and arrested its eight crew as a warning to the rest.^[18]

In August 2020 the CGA detained a small Chinese oil tanker which had illegally entered Taiwan's waters. The oil tanker was discovered during enhanced COVID-19 pandemic biosecurity patrols.^[19]

In May 2021 the CGA detained a Chinese offshore supply vessel and its 12 crew. The vessel was caught trespassing in Taiwanese waters near Penghu. It is believed that the supply ship was being used to deliver food and other supplies to offshore fishing fleets.^[20]

In May 2022 an Anping-class patrol ship launched a Hsiung Feng II anti-ship missile for the first time in a joint exercise with the Navy.^[21]

Intelligence Function

Some people in TaiwanШаблон:Who still regard the Coast Guard Administration as an intelligence agency due to its root. Indeed, the land branch of the Coast Guard Administration is inherited from the former Taiwan Garrison Command. As a result, a lot of intelligence personnel from the Military Police Command or the late Taiwan Garrison Command are still in the ROCCGA.Шаблон:Citation needed

There are several mobile investigative groups subordinated to four corresponding areas of responsibility of the Coastal Patrol Directorate General. All mobile investigative groups of the Coast Guard Administration are tasked to perform intelligence-gathering mission of State Security. While executing such intelligence-gathering function, The Coast Guard Administration is subjected to the supervisory and coordination from the National Security Bureau.^[22]Шаблон:Fv

International cooperation

The CGA cooperates with Japan, the Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, and Vietnam in operations to counter human trafficking and drug smuggling. The CGA and the Japan Coast Guard conduct annual exercises and visits. The CGA and the Philippines Coast Guard have conducted tabletop exercises and drills. The CGA and the US Coast Guard cooperate on monitoring longline fishing, maritime law enforcement, human trafficking, and drug smuggling.^[23]

In 2010 the CGA held their first ever drill with China's Maritime Search and Rescue Center. The drill, which simulated a ferry disaster between Kinmen and Xiamen, included 14 vessels, 3 helicopters, and 400 personnel. Due to the tense relations between the two countries participating forces used drill flags instead of their national flags and emblems. The second drill in 2012 involved 18 vessels and two helicopters from Taiwan, as well as 11 ships and one helicopter from China. A third drill in 2014 featured 33 vessels, four helicopters, and 550 personnel.^[23]

In 2020 the CGA and Chinese authorities worked out a standard operating procedure for dealing with illegal sand dredging by Chinese vessels. From implementation to December 2020 Chinese authorities had taken action in 64 cases and impounded 23 ships which demonstrated to the CGA that the Chinese were serious about cooperating on the issue.^[24]

In March 2021 the CGA and the US Coast Guard announced that they had signed a cooperation agreement, the agreement was promptly denounced by China.^[25] In May 2021 US President Joe Biden praised the cooperation agreement while speaking at the commencement of the United States Coast Guard Academy.^[26] The first bilateral meeting under the agreement occurred in August 2021.^[27]

Tuvalu and Taiwan signed a coast guard cooperation agreement in 2022. In 2023 Taiwan donated two new coast guard patrol vessels to Tuvalu.^[28]

Future of the CGA

As of 2019 the CGA planned to construct a total of 141 ships, including four 4000-tonne, six 1000-tonne, 12 600-tonne, 17 100-tonne, 52 35-tonne patrol ships and 50 coastal multi-purposed ships, by 2027.^[29]

In 2021 the Taiwanese cabinet approved a NT$12.9 billion (US$428.53 million) budget for six new 3,000-ton class patrol vessels.^[30]

Fleet

In 2021 the CGA had more than 200 vessels.^[10]

In 2021 President Tsai Ing-wen ordered the name “Taiwan” to be prominently displayed on all vessels to avoid confusion with the People's Republic of China Coast Guard which is engaged in a grey-zone campaign against Taiwan and other neighboring countries.^[10]

Cutters and Patrol Boats

Шаблон:Multiple image

Over 100 Tones
Name	Hull number	Class	Displacement (full load)	Builder	Year of enrolling	Year of decommissioning
Ho-Hsing	CG101	1,800-ton class	1,823 tones	China Shipbuilding Corporation	1992	2022
Wei-Hsing	CG102	1,800-ton class	1,823 tones	China Shipbuilding Corporation	1992
Mo-Hsing	CG105	800-ton class	917 tones	Wilton-Fijenoord	1988	2022
Fu-Hsing	CG106	800-ton class	917 tones	Wilton-Fijenoord	1988	2020
Pao-Hsing	CG107	500-ton class (Pao-Hsing)	694 tones	China Shipbuilding Corporation	1980	2008
Chin-Hsing	CG108	500-ton class (Pao-Hsing)	694 tones	China Shipbuilding Corporation	1985	2010
Te-Hsing	CG109	500-ton class (Te-Hsing)	701 tones	USUKI SHIPYARD CO., LTD.	1977	2014
Hsun-Hsing	CG110	300-ton class	264 tones	China Shipbuilding Corporation	1986	2005
Taipei	CG116	500-ton class (Taipei)	742 tones	Jong Shyn Shipbuilding Company	2001
Taichung	CG117	600-ton class	827 tones	Ching Fu Shipbuilding	2001
Keeling	CG118				2001
Hualien	CG119				2001
Penghu	CG120				2001
Nantou	CG122	500-ton class (Nantou)	742 tones	Jong Shyn Shipbuilding Company	2005
Kimmen	CG123	500-ton class (Kimmen)	688 tones		2008
Lienchiang	CG125	500-ton class (Kimmen)	688 tones		2008
Tainan	CG126	2,000-ton class	2,105 tones		2011
Xinbei	CG127	2,000-ton class	2,077 tones	CSBC Corporation	2013
Yilan	CG128	Yilan-class patrol vessel (3,000-ton class)	3,719 tons^[31]	Jong Shyn Shipbuilding Company	2015
Kaohsiung	CG129	Yilan-class patrol vessel (3,000-ton class)	3,719 tons^[31]		2015
Miaoli	CG131	Miaoli-class patrol vessel (1,000-ton class)	1,899 tones		2015
Taoyuan	CG132				2015
Taitung	CG133				2016
Pingtung	CG135				2016
Anping	CG601	Anping-class offshore patrol vessel (600-ton class)^[29]	700 tones		2020
Cheng Kung	CG602				2021^[32]
Tamsui	CG603				2021^[33]
Cijin	CG605				2022
(TBD)	CG606				2022
(TBD)	CG607				2023^[34]
(TBD)	CG608				Launched
(TBD)	CG609				Launched^[34]
(TBD)	CG610				Under construction
(TBD)	CG611				Under construction
(TBD)	CG612				Under construction
(TBD)	CG615				Under construction
Chiayi	CG5001	Chiayi-class patrol vessel (4,000-ton class)^[35]	5,044 tones	CSBC Corporation	2020
Hsinchu	CG5002				2022^[36]
(TBD)	CG5003				Under construction
(TBD)	CG5005				Under construction
(TBD)	CG1001	1,000-ton class^[37]	(TBD)	(TBD)	Launched
(TBD)	CG1002				Under planning
(TBD)	CG1003				Under planning
(TBD)	CG1005				Under planning
(TBD)	CG1006				Under planning
(TBD)	CG1007				Under planning
Hsun-Hu No.1		800-ton class	1,127 tones	United Shipbuilding (Taiwan)	1992
Hsun-Hu No.2		400-ton class	839 tones	Jong Shyn Shipbuilding Company	1992	2013
Hsun-Hu No.3		400-ton class	839 tones	Jong Shyn Shipbuilding Company	1992	2013
Hsun-Hu No.5		100-ton class	140 tones	Feng-Kuo Shipbuilding	1992	2014
Hsun-Hu No.6		300-ton class	228 tones	Feng-Kuo Shipbuilding	1992
Hsun-Hu No.7		1,000-ton class	1,915 tones	Jong Shyn Shipbuilding Company	2011
Hsun-Hu No.8					2013
Hsun-Hu No.9					2013
Hsun-Hu No.10		3,000-ton class	(TBD)	(TBD)	Under planning
Hsun-Hu No.11					Under planning
Hsun-Hu No.12					Under planning
Hsun-Hu No.13					Under planning
Hsun-Hu No.15					Under planning
Hsun-Hu No.16					Under planning

Файл:ROCCG Danshuei.jpg

ROCCGA patrol boats in 2008

Файл:CP1002.jpg

Patrol boats CP-1002 and PP-2016 in 2013

Файл:Patrol vessel PP-3582 of Coast Guard Administration 20191206.jpg

Patrol vessel PP-3582 in 2019

Under 100 Tones
Class	In service	Hull numbers	Displacement (full load)	Builder
100-ton class 1st generation type 1	8	PP-10001 PP-10002 PP-10005 PP-10006 PP-10007 PP-10008 PP-10009 PP-10010	103 tones	Jong Shyn Shipbuilding Company
100-ton class 1st generation type 2	10	PP-10011 PP-10013 PP-10015 PP-10016 PP-10017 PP-10018 PP-10019 PP-10020 PP-10022 PP-10023	103 tones	Jong Shyn Shipbuilding Company Lungteh Shipbuilding
100-ton class 2nd generation	3	PP-10025 PP-10026 PP-10027	118 tones	Jong Shyn Shipbuilding Company
100-ton class 3rd generation type 1	3	PP-10028 PP-10029 PP-10031	95 tones	Lungteh Shipbuilding
100-ton class 3rd generation type 2	21 (total 35 in future)	PP-10032 PP-10033 PP-10035 PP-10037 PP-10038 PP-10039 PP-10050 PP-10051 PP-10052 PP-10053 PP-10055 PP-10056 PP-10057 PP-10059 PP-10060 PP-10061 PP-10062 PP-10063 PP-10065 PP-10066 PP-10068	95 tones	Ching Fu Shipbuilding
100-ton class 4th generation^[38]	1	PP-10087	100 tones	Jong Shyn Shipbuilding Company^[39]
60-ton class	5	PP-6001,PP-6002,PP-6005,PP-6006,PP-6007	68 tones	Lungteh Shipbuilding
55-ton class	10	PP-5501,PP-5502,PP-5503,PP-5505,PP-5506,PP-5507,PP-5508,PP-5509,PP-5510,PP-5511	82 tones	(unknown)
50-ton class 1st generation type 1	13	PP-5001,PP-5002,PP-5003,PP-5005,PP-5006,PP-5007,PP-5008,PP-5010,PP-5011,PP-5012,PP-5013,PP-5015,PP-5016	56 tones	Lungteh Shipbuilding
50-ton class 1st generation type 2	14	PP-5017,PP-5019,PP-5020,PP-5021,PP-5022,PP-5023,PP-5025,PP-5026,PP-5027,PP-5028,PP-5029,PP-5030,PP-5031,PP-5032	76 tones	TC Yachts
50-ton class 2nd generation	9	PP-5033,PP-5035,PP-5037,PP-5038,PP-5039,PP-5050,PP-5051,PP-5052,PP-5053	56 tones	Lungteh Shipbuilding
35-ton class 1st generation	28	PP-3501,PP-3502,PP-3503,PP-3505,PP-3506,PP-3507,PP-3508,PP-3509,PP-3510,PP-3511,PP-3512,PP-3513,PP-3516,PP-3517,PP-3518,PP-3519,PP-3520,PP-3521,PP-3522,PP-3523,PP-3525,PP-3526,PP-3527,PP-3528,PP-3529,PP-3530,PP-3531,PP-3532	29 tones	(unknown)
35-ton class 2nd generation	24	PP-3535,PP-3536,PP-3537,PP-3538,PP-3539,PP-3550,PP-3552,PP-3553,PP-3555,PP-3556,PP-3557,PP-3558,PP-3559,PP-3560,PP-3561,PP-3562,PP-3563,PP-3565,PP-3566,PP-3567,PP-3568,PP-3572,PP-3576,PP-3580	33 tones	Lungteh Shipbuilding
30-ton class	13	PP-3002,PP-3003,PP-3005,PP-3006,PP-3007,PP-3009,PP-3011,PP-3012,PP-3015,PP-3016,PP-3017,PP-3018,PP-3019	29 tones	Lungteh Shipbuilding
20-ton class	45	PP-2001,PP-2003,PP-2005,PP-2006,PP-2007,PP-2008,PP-2009,PP-2010,PP-2012,PP-2013,PP-2015,PP-‐2016,PP-2017,PP-2018,PP-2019,PP-2021,PP-2022,PP-‐2023,PP-2025,PP-2027,PP-2028,PP-2029,PP-2030,PP-2031,PP-2032,PP-2033,PP-2035,PP-2036,PP-2037,PP-2038,PP-2050,PP-2051,PP-2052,PP-2053,PP-2055,PP-2056,PP-2058,PP-2059,PP-2060,PP-2061,PP-2062,PP-2063,PP-2065,PP-2066,PP-2067	21 tones	Lungteh Shipbuilding

RB-01 (Search/Rescue Boat)
RB-02 (Search/Rescue Boat)
RB-03 (Search/Rescue Boat)
Type CP-1001 (Rubber raft) x9
Type SF-801 (Speedboat) x6
Type PP-601 (Speedboat) x9

Equipment

Helicopters and drones

Шаблон:See

20 x AVIX AXH E320RS drone helicopters^[40]
AeroVironment JUMP 20^[41]

CGA patrol vessels and National Airborne Service Corps (NASC) helicopter outside of Port of Kaohsiung

CGA patrol vessels and National Airborne Service Corps (NASC) helicopter outside of Port of Kaohsiung

Light weapons

CGA STU 3

CGA STU 3
Kestrel system

Kestrel system

Kestrel (rocket launcher), for Pratas and Spratley Islands garrisons.^[42] 292 deployed by April 2021.^[43]

Coastal surveillance

The CGA maintains a comprehensive coastal surveillance network. In 2021 the CGA allocated NT$919.99 million (US$33.33 million) to upgrade its coastal surveillance network and to add new gap filler radars as well as photoelectric sensors to the network.^[44]

Rank insignia

Coast Guard Law Enforcement


Файл:Taiwan-CGA-RI-01.svg	Файл:Taiwan-CGA-RI-02.svg	Файл:Taiwan-CGA-RI-03.svg	Файл:Taiwan-CGA-RI-04.svg	Файл:Taiwan-CGA-RI-05.svg
Fourteenth Class	Thirteenth Class	Twelfth Class	Eleventh Class	Tenth Class
Vice Admiral		Rear Admiral		Captain


Файл:Taiwan-CGA-RI-06.svg	Файл:Taiwan-CGA-RI-07.svg	Файл:Taiwan-CGA-RI-08.svg	Файл:Taiwan-CGA-RI-09.svg
Ninth Class	Eighth Class	Seventh Class	Sixth Class
Commander		Lieutenant Commander	Captain


Файл:Taiwan-CGA-RI-10.svg	Файл:Taiwan-CGA-RI-11.svg	Файл:Taiwan-CGA-RI-12.svg	Файл:Taiwan-CGA-RI-13.svg	Файл:Taiwan-CGA-RI-14.svg
Fifth Class	Fourth Class	Third Class	Second Class	First Class
Lieutenant Ensign	Chief Petty Officer	Petty Officer 1st Class	Petty Officer 2nd Class	Petty Officer 3rd Class


Файл:Taiwan-CGA-RI-15.svg	Файл:Taiwan-CGA-RI-16.svg	Файл:Taiwan-CGA-RI-17.svg
n/a	n/a	n/a
Seaman Specialist	Seaman 1st Class	Seaman

Coast Guard Navigation and Engineering Officers

The navigation and engineering officers of the Taiwan coast guard cutters are not sworn law-enforcement officers. They wear the following rank insigna.

Navigation Department
	Файл:Taiwan-CGA-RI-18.svg	Файл:Taiwan-CGA-RI-19.svg	Файл:Taiwan-CGA-RI-20.svg	Файл:Taiwan-CGA-RI-21.svg
	Captain	Chief Officer	Second Oficer	Third Officer

Engine Department
	Файл:Taiwan-CGA-RI-22.svg	Файл:Taiwan-CGA-RI-23.svg	Файл:Taiwan-CGA-RI-24.svg	Файл:Taiwan-CGA-RI-25.svg
	Chief Engineer	Second Engineer	Third Engineer	Fourth Engineer

Leaders

Ministers (CGA under Executive Yuan)

No.	Name	Term of Office		Days	Premier
style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:black;" \| 4	Wang Ginn-wang 王進旺	25 January 2006	7 December 2014	Шаблон:Age in days	Su Tseng-chang Chang Chun-hsiung II Liu Chao-shiuan Wu Den-yih Sean Chen Jiang Yi-huah
style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:black;" \| 5	Wang Chung-yi 王崇儀	8 December 2014	19 May 2016	Шаблон:Age in days	Mao Chi-kuo Chang San-cheng
style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:black;" \| 6	Lee Chung-wei 李仲威	20 May 2016	27 April 2018	Шаблон:Age in days	Lin Chuan William Lai Su Tseng-chang II

Chairpersons (CGA under Ocean Affairs Council)

No.	Name	Term of Office		Days	Premier
style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:black;" \| 1	Lee Chung-wei 李仲威	28 April 2018	13 February 2019	Шаблон:Age in days	William Lai Su Tseng-chang II
style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:black;" \| 2	Chen Kuo-en 陳國恩	19 February 2019	1 October 2020	Шаблон:Age in days	Su Tseng-chang II
style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:black;" \| 3	Chuang Ching-ta 莊慶達	1 October 2020	31 December 2020	Шаблон:Age in days	Su Tseng-chang II
style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:black;" \| 4	Chou Mei-wu 周美伍	31 December 2020	incumbent	Шаблон:Age in days	Su Tseng-chang II

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Commons category Шаблон:Wikisource

ROC Coast Guard Administration Website Шаблон:In lang

Шаблон:- Шаблон:Geographic location

Шаблон:Coast Guard Administration navbox Шаблон:Executive Yuan Шаблон:Military of the Republic of China Шаблон:Coast guards Шаблон:Authority control

[1] Шаблон:Cite web

[CGA_Organization-2] 2,0 ^2,1 ^2,2 Шаблон:Cite web

[RAND_2017-3] 3,0 ^3,1 ^3,2 Шаблон:Cite web

[4] Шаблон:Cite web

[5] Шаблон:Cite web

[CGA_scope-6] 6,0 ^6,1 ^6,2 ^6,3 Шаблон:Cite web

[7] Шаблон:Cite news

[8] Шаблон:Cite web

[9] Шаблон:Cite web

[Focus_Taiwan_Feb_2021-10] 10,0 ^10,1 ^10,2 Шаблон:Cite web

[11] Шаблон:Cite web

[12] Шаблон:Cite web

[13] Шаблон:Cite web

[14] Шаблон:Cite web

[Taipei_Times_2020-15] 15,0 ^15,1 Шаблон:Cite web

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[Glaser_and_Vitello_2015-23] 23,0 ^23,1 Шаблон:Cite web

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[FT_2019-29] 29,0 ^29,1 Шаблон:Cite web

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[CGA_Yilan-31] Шаблон:Cite web

[Reuters_2021-32] Шаблон:Cite web

[Focus_Taiwan_October_2021-33] Шаблон:Cite web

[50%_complete-34] 34,0 ^34,1 Шаблон:Cite web

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[Taipei_Times_2019-37] Шаблон:Cite web

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[Taiwan_News_April_2021-43] Шаблон:Cite web

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