Английская Википедия:Compagnie du chemin de fer du Congo supérieur aux Grands Lacs africains

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox company The Compagnie du chemin de fer du Congo supérieur aux Grands Lacs africains (French; Шаблон:Lit, abbreviated to CFL) was a Belgian railway company established in 1902 in the Congo Free State, later the Belgian Congo , now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It provided service in the eastern part of the colony south of Stanleyville (Kisangani) to serve the settlers and mining operations in Katanga. It operated a combination of river steamer service along the Lualaba River (Upper Congo River) and railway links where the river was not navigable, including a link to Lake Tanganyika. In 1960 it became the Société congolaise des chemins de fer des Grands Lacs.

History

At the start of the 20th century King Leopold II of Belgium asked Baron Édouard Empain to undertake a railway project in the east of the Congo Free State. Empain founded the Compagnie des Chemins de Fer du Congo Supérieur aux Grands Lacs Africains (CFL) in 1902 with capital of 25 million francs. It was to build two railways, one connecting the Congo River at Stanleyville to Lake Albert, and the other connecting the Congo River at Nyangwe to Lake Tanganyika.Шаблон:Sfn The program was soon changed as the value of the mineral deposits in the Katanga Province became clear, and the main purpose became linking Katanga to Stanleyville by building railways to bypass the sections of the Lualaba River (Upper Congo) that were not navigable.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Location map+

On 4 January 1902 the Congo Free States granted the CFL a concession for four lines:Шаблон:Sfn

The railway line from Stanleyville to Ponthierville was begun in 1903 and inaugurated on 1 September 1906. The track mainly ran through dense tropical forest, and clearing stumps was a major effort. The Kindu-Kongolo section was built between 1906 and 1910, and was inaugurated on 1 January 1911. It included 18 bridges over rivers.Шаблон:Sfn In May 1911 the steamship Baron Janssens reached Bukama in the center of Katanga.Шаблон:Sfn The section from Kabalo to AIbertville (Kalemie) ran along the rocky Lukuga River valley, and was started in April 1911. Progress was slow, and an outbreak of beriberi at the start of 1914 caused further delays.Шаблон:Sfn Construction was completed in 1915, and a navigation service was established on Lake Tanganyika.Шаблон:Sfn Temporary wooden bridges had been replaced by permanent bridges by 1921.Шаблон:Sfn

In return for building its network the CFL received land and mining rights. The CFL subsidiary Compagnie Minière des Grands-Lacs (MGL) was created in 1923 to exploit the mining rights. By the 1950s the M.G.L. concessions covered more than Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn In December 1925 General Frederik-Valdemar Olsen took office as general manager of Unatra, which had been formed by a merger of Sonatra (Sociéte National des Transports Fluviaux au Congo) and Citas (Compagnie de transports). He undertook various reforms to stop corruption, ensure schedules were met and improve financial management. The CFL was impressed by Olsen's achievements and made him their general manager in Africa, in charge of transport on the Lualaba River.Шаблон:Sfn The Empain Group was greatly involved in the Comité National du Kivu, which included the CFL, the colonial government and others. It was created in 1928 by Colonial Minister Henri Jaspar to encourage settlement of the region, and undertook creation of roads, railways, ports, public buildings, schools and hospitals, as well as studying the geology of the region and its agricultural and forestry potential.Шаблон:Sfn

In July 1937 the CFL began a line from Kongolo to Kabalo, which was inaugurated on 31 December 1939. There was now a continuous railway line from the river port of Kindu to Albertville on Lake Tanganyika.Шаблон:Sfn By 1950 the CFL was operating Шаблон:Convert of railway, Шаблон:Convert of navigation on the Lualaba and Шаблон:Convert of navigation on Lake Tanganyika.Шаблон:Sfn Between 1952 and 1956 the CFL built a Шаблон:Convert line from Kabalo to Kabongo. A line from Kabongo to Kamina was built by the Chemins de Fer du Bas-Congo au Katanga (BCK) for the Compagnie des Chemins de fer Katanga-Dilolo-Léopoldville (KDL). In September 1955 the CFL converted from Шаблон:Track gauge to Шаблон:Track gauge gauge to match the KDL gauge.Шаблон:Sfn

In 1960, during independence, CFL became the Société Congolaise des Chemins de Fer des Grands Lacs. In 1967, CFL became the Office Congolais des Chemins de Fer des Grands Lacs.Шаблон:Sfn

Lines

Файл:Belgian Congo Railway Network pre-1960.svg
Railway network of the Belgian Congo
From To Length Opened
km mi
Rail links
Stanleyville Ponthierville Шаблон:Convert 1 September 1906
Kindu Kabalo Шаблон:Convert 1 January 1911
: Kindu Kibombo Шаблон:Convert January 1909
: Kibombo Kongolo Шаблон:Convert 30 December 1910
: Kongolo Kabalo Шаблон:Convert 3 December 1939
Kabalo AIbertville (Lake Tanganyika) Шаблон:Convert February 1915Шаблон:Sfn
: Kabalo Malulu Шаблон:Convert September 1913
: Malulu Kilometer 210 Шаблон:Convert June 1914
: Kilometer 210 AIbertville Шаблон:Convert February 1915
Kabalo Kabongo Шаблон:Convert 9 August 1956
River links on the Lualaba
Ponthierville Kindu Шаблон:Convert January 1906, middle of the river
Kongolo Bukama Шаблон:Convert 1911, upper part of the river

Rolling stock

Файл:Mogul 2-6-0 locomotive at Jingzhang railway.jpg
Mogul 2-6-0 in 1909

In October 1903 three 15.2 tonnes 0-4-0 locomotives were ordered from the Ateliers de Tubize for use during construction of the Stanleyville-Ponthierville section. In 1905 three more 0-4-0T locomotives were ordered from the same firm for the Kindu-Kongolo section. All of them were fueled by wood, which was readily available in the Congo.Шаблон:Sfn Early rolling stock included 20 tonnes locomotives with empty weight 11 tonnes built by Usines métallurgiques du Hainaut SA, in Couillet, Belgium.Шаблон:Sfn

In 1912 the company decided it needed at least fifteen 0-6-0 locomotives that could reach a speed of Шаблон:Convert towing a load of 100 tonnes. The six that had been used during construction were not capable of this. In December 1912 the company ordered eight of the new 28.8 tonnes Mogul 2-6-0 locomotives with separate tenders from the Ateliers Métallurgiques de Nivelles (Ateliers de Tubize). These were more powerful than the 0-6-0 and could pull a larger load at higher speed. They went into service in 1914, one on the Stanleyville-Ponthierville section, three on the Kindu-Kongolo section and four on the Kabalo-Albertville section. At the end of 1920 the company ordered six more Moguls. In 1924 the company ordered six more locomotives similar to the Moguls but with improved boilers and larger diameter drive wheels.Шаблон:Sfn

Of the twenty 2-6-0 locomotives built by Les Ateliers de Tubize locomotive works in Belgium for the 1 meter CFL line, the first eight, numbered 27 to 34, were built in 1913, followed by six more in 1921, numbered 35 to 40, and then six more of a slightly larger version followed in 1924, numbered 41 to 46. They had Шаблон:Convert cylinders and Шаблон:Convert diameter driving wheels, with the smaller versions having a working order mass of Шаблон:Convert and the larger versions Шаблон:Convert. Most of the CFL was regauged to Шаблон:RailGauge gauge in 1955, as were all of the serving Moguls. Most of them still survived in 1973.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

In 1958 the CFL had 63 steam locomotives, 12 diesel locomotives, 64 passenger cars and 792 wagons.Шаблон:Sfn

Notes

Шаблон:NotelistШаблон:Reflist

Sources

Шаблон:Refbegin

Шаблон:Refend

Further reading

Шаблон:Refbegin

  • Albert van Dievoet, « Le Chemin de fer du Congo Supérieur aux Grand-Lacs Africains », dans : L'Expansion belge, volume 1, 1908.

Шаблон:Refend Шаблон:DRC Railways Шаблон:Authority control

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