Английская Википедия:Count of the Stable
Шаблон:Short description The Count of the Stable (Шаблон:Lang-la; Шаблон:Lang-grc-gre) was a late Roman and Byzantine office responsible for the horses and pack animals intended for use by the army and the imperial court.[1] From Byzantium, it was adopted by the Franks, and is the origin of the post and title of constable, via the Old French Шаблон:Lang.[2][3]
History and functions
The post first appears in the 4th century as the Шаблон:Lang ('tribune of the [sacred] stable'), initially responsible for the levying of horses from the provinces.[1] According to Ammianus Marcellinus, the holders of the post ranked equal to the tribunes of the Шаблон:Lang guard regiments.[4] In the Шаблон:Lang, they are listed as the Шаблон:Lang under the Шаблон:Lang.[5] By the early 5th century, as attested in the Шаблон:Lang, they were raised to Шаблон:Lang with the rank of Шаблон:Lang, but the older title of tribune remained in parallel use for some time (cf. Шаблон:Lang, 6.13.1).Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
Eight holders of the office are known from the 4th century, including Emperor Valens (Шаблон:Reign) and his brothers-in-law Cerealis and Constantinianus. Evidently, the post was closely associated with the imperial family, as affirmed further when Stilicho was appointed to it on the occasion of his marriage to the adopted niece of Emperor Theodosius I (Шаблон:Reign), Serena.Шаблон:Sfn However, holders are rarely mentioned thereafter. The distinguished general Flavius Aetius held the post in 451, and in the 6th century, the variant "Count of the Imperial Grooms" was conferred on leading generals such as Belisarius and Constantinianus, while Baduarius, a relative of Emperor Justin II (Шаблон:Reign), is recorded by the 9th-century chronicler Theophanes the Confessor to have held the post of 'Count of the Imperial Stables'.[1]Шаблон:Sfn The office reappears in the sources in the 820s, when the "Шаблон:Transl and Шаблон:Transl" Damian led an unsuccessful expedition against the Saracens in Crete.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
The Byzantine office of the Шаблон:Transl is best known during the 9th and 10th centuries, when it was classed as belonging to the group of military officials known as Шаблон:Transl. Along with the Logothete of the Herds, he was responsible for the imperial horses in the capital, Constantinople, and for the horse ranches in the great army camp (Шаблон:Transl) at Malagina in Bithynia. He usually held the dignity of Шаблон:Transl, and ranked 51st in the overall imperial hierarchy.[1]Шаблон:Sfn During imperial processions, as well as during campaigns, he escorted the emperor along with the Шаблон:Transl, and played a role in the receptions of foreign ambassadors.Шаблон:Sfn
In the 13th century, the Latin-inspired office of the Шаблон:Transl seems to have replaced the Шаблон:Transl, but another title, the 'Count of the Imperial Horses' (Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:Transl ) appears in the 14th-century treatise on offices of Pseudo-Kodinos. Aside from bringing the emperor his horse and holding it while he mounted it, the functions of this office are unknown. He does not appear to have held a rank within the court hierarchy, but his proximity to the emperor did apparently lead to some influence, as in the case of Constantine Chadenos, who rose from this post to high political offices under Emperor Michael VIII (Шаблон:Reign).[1]Шаблон:Sfn
Subordinate officials
The staff of the Count of the Stable is not explicitly mentioned in Byzantine sources, but its composition for the 9th and 10th centuries can be inferred, at least in part, from various sources.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn It included:
- Two Шаблон:Transl, one for Constantinople (Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:Transl, 'the inner Шаблон:Transl') and one for Malagina (Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:Transl, or Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:Transl, 'the outer [i.e., provincial] Шаблон:Transl').Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
- The Шаблон:Transl, in seals often Шаблон:Transl (Шаблон:Lang, according to John Bagnell Bury "an overseer who presses work on"), responsible for fodder, watering, and other related supplies like horseshoes or saddles.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
- The Шаблон:Transl (Шаблон:Lang), the origin of whose title and his functions are unknown. In the sources, he seems to be responsible for outfitting the imperial mules prior to an expedition.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
- The four counts of Malagina (Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:Transl).Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
- Forty grooms (Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:Transl), also known as the 'grooms of the two stables' (Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:Transl, i.e., Constantinople and Malagina). These were probably subaltern officers charged with leading detachments of mules.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
- The Шаблон:Transl (Шаблон:Lang) or Шаблон:Transl (Шаблон:Lang) of the imperial stable, responsible for the stables' granary.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
References
Sources
- Шаблон:The Imperial Administrative System of the Ninth Century
- Шаблон:Recherches sur les institutions byzantines
- Шаблон:Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 Шаблон:Harvnb.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite encyclopedia
- ↑ Ammianus Marcellinus. Rerum Gestarum, 14.10.8 and 20.2.5.
- ↑ Шаблон:Lang. Шаблон:Lang, XIV.6.
