Английская Википедия:Dai Commandery
Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use American English Шаблон:Chinese
Dai Commandery was a commandery (jùn) of the state of Zhao established Шаблон:C.Шаблон:NbspBC and of northern imperial Chinese dynasties until the time of the Emperor Wen of the Sui dynasty (r. ADШаблон:Nbsp581–604). It occupied lands in what is now Hebei, Shanxi, and Inner Mongolia. Its seat was usually at Dai or Daixian (near present-day Yuzhou in Hebei), although it was moved to Gaoliu (present-day Yanggao in Shanxi) during the Eastern Han.
Name
The name derives from the White Di kingdom of Dai, conquered by the Zhao family of Jin.Шаблон:Sfnp
History
Zhao Kingdom
Шаблон:See also Dai Commandery was first established around 300Шаблон:NbspBC during China's Warring States Period by the state of Zhao's King Yong, posthumously known as the Wuling ("Martial-&-Numinous") King.[1] The commandery seat—then known as Dai—was southwest of present-day Yuzhou in Hebei.[2] It was the former capital of the independent state of Dai, which had been conquered by King Yong's ancestors around 476Шаблон:NbspBC.[3] He created Dai Commandery along with its companion commanderies of Yanmen and Yunzhong to consolidate his conquests[1] from invasions of the Loufan (tШаблон:NbspШаблон:Nowrap sШаблон:NbspШаблон:Nowrap Lóufán) and "forest nomads" (Шаблон:Nowrap Línhú) in 306 and 304Шаблон:NbspBC.Шаблон:Sfnp
Following the Qin conquest of Zhao, Zhao Jia attempted to regroup at Dai, declaring himself its king.[3] This Kingdom of Dai was ended by Qin in 222Шаблон:NbspBC,[3] just prior to the declaration of the Qin Empire two years later.
Qin Empire
Dai Commandery was one of the divisions of the Qin Empire.Шаблон:Sfnp Its seat—then known as Daixian—continued to be near present-day Yuzhou.[4]
| Qin-era counties | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| English | Chinese | ||
| Trad. | Simp. | Pinyin | |
| Dai | Шаблон:Lang | Шаблон:Lang | Dài Xiàn |
| Dangcheng | Шаблон:Lang | Шаблон:Lang | Dāngchéng Xiàn |
| Yanling | Шаблон:Lang | Шаблон:Lang | Yánlíng Xiàn |
| New Pingshu | Шаблон:Lang | Шаблон:Lang | Xīnpíngshū Xiàn |
| Pingyi | Шаблон:Lang | Шаблон:Lang | Píngyì Xiàn |
| East Anyang | Шаблон:Lang | Шаблон:Lang | Dōng'ānyáng Xiàn |
| Yangyuan | Шаблон:Lang | Шаблон:Lang | Yángyuán Xiàn |
| Lucheng | Шаблон:Lang | Шаблон:Lang | Lǔchéng Xiàn |
| Banshi | Шаблон:Lang | Шаблон:Lang | Bānshì Xiàn |
| Canhe | Шаблон:Lang | Шаблон:Lang | Cānhé Xiàn |
| Gaoliu | Шаблон:Lang | Шаблон:Lang | Gāoliǔ Xiàn |
| GuangchangШаблон:Efn | Шаблон:Lang | Шаблон:Lang | Guǎngchāng Xiàn |
| QieruШаблон:Efn | Шаблон:Lang | Шаблон:Lang | Qiěrú Xiàn |
Eighteen Kingdoms
During the interregnum following Qin's collapse, Dai was one of the Eighteen Kingdoms established by Xiang Yu. It was ruled by Zhao Xie and Chun Yu.
Western Han Empire
Шаблон:See also Under the Han, Dai Prefecture formed part of the province of Bingzhou and oversaw 18 counties,Шаблон:Sfn both within and beyond the Great Wall.[2] Along with Yunzhong and Yanmen, it also formed part of the Principality of Dai, used as an imperial appanage.[3] The Book of Han records Dai Commandery having 278,754 people living in 56,771 households.Шаблон:Sfn The Han administration kept the seat at Daixian near present-day Yuzhou[4] and continued the Qin-era counties (renaming "New Pingshu County" to simply "Pingshu County"), with the addition of:Шаблон:Sfn
| Additional Han-era counties | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| English | Chinese | ||
| Trad. | Simp. | Pinyin | |
| Sanggan | Шаблон:Lang | Шаблон:Lang | Sānggān Xiàn |
| Daoren | Шаблон:Lang | Шаблон:Lang | Dàoren Xiàn |
| Macheng | Шаблон:Lang | Шаблон:Lang | Mǎchéng Xiàn |
| Yishi | Шаблон:Lang | Шаблон:Lang | Yíshì Xiàn |
| Lingqiu | Шаблон:Lang | Шаблон:Lang | Língqiū Xiàn |
Xin Empire
Under the short-lived Xin dynasty established by Wang Mang, several of the Han counties were renamed.
Eastern Han Empire
Under the Eastern Han, Dai Commandery formed part of the province of Youzhou.Шаблон:Sfnp Its seat—then known as Gaoliu—was southwest[2] of present-day Yanggao in northeastern Shanxi.[4]
Wei Kingdom
During China's Three Kingdoms Period, Wei returned the commandery seat to Daixian (near present-day Yuzhou, Hebei).[4]
Sixteen Kingdoms
Шаблон:See also During China's Sixteen Kingdoms Period, both Later Yan and the Northern Wei had commanderies named Dai.[4] Northern Wei's lay to the west, with its seat at Pingcheng (present-day Datong, Shanxi).[4]
Separate from these, Tuoba Yilu was declared "Duke of Dai" (Шаблон:Lang) by the Jin in ADШаблон:Nbsp310 and (vassal) "King of Dai" by the same court in 315.[3] This Xianbei Kingdom of Dai lasted until 376, and its dynasts were responsible for the later state of Northern Wei.[3] It held some lands in northern Shanxi and Hebei but was mostly to their north in what is now Inner Mongolia, with their capital at Shengle (northwest of present-day Horinger).[3]
Sui Empire
Шаблон:Main Dai Commandery continued until its abolishment under the Wen Emperor of Sui, who replaced it in 585 with Dai Prefecture, whose seat was at Guangwu or Yanmen (present-day Daixian, Shanxi).[5]
Notes
References
Citations
Bibliography
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External links
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Шаблон:Harvp.
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 Шаблон:Harvp.
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 3,5 3,6 Шаблон:Harvp.
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 4,3 4,4 4,5 Шаблон:Harvp.
- ↑ Шаблон:Harvp.
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