Английская Википедия:Dairy industry in the United States
Шаблон:Short description The dairy industry in the United States includes the farms, cooperatives, and companies that produce milk and cheese and related products, such as milking machines, and distribute them to the consumer. By 1925, the United States had 1.5-2 million dairy cows, each producing an average of 4200 lb of milk per year. By 2007, there were 9.1 million dairy cows but their average milk production was over 20,000 pounds per year, with eight pounds per gallon.[1]
History
European dairy practices varied from place to place, and immigrants to the United States would work together to import and improve on the best Europe traditions. One result was a variety of dairy practices across the United States.[2][3]
21st-century farms
There are 40,200 dairy farms in the United States, down from 111,800 in 1995.[4] In 2017 the top five dairy states are, in order by total milk production; California, Wisconsin, New York, Idaho, and Texas.[5] Dairy farming remains important in Florida, Minnesota, Ohio and Vermont.[6]
Herd size in the US varies between 1,200 on the West Coast and Southwest, where large farms are commonplace, to roughly 50 in the Midwest and Northeast, where land-base is a significant limiting factor to herd size. The average herd size in the U.S. is about one hundred cows per farm but the median size is 900 cows with 49% of all cows residing on farms of 1000 or more cows.[7]
Production by state
Production of milk per state in 2019 was as follows:[8]
| State | Production
(million pounds) |
Production (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 60 | <0.1% |
| Alaska | N/A | N/A |
| Arizona | 4,769 | 2.2% |
| Arkansas | 67 | 0.0% |
| California | 40,564 | 18.6% |
| Colorado | 4,807 | 2.2% |
| Connecticut | 428 | 0.2% |
| Delaware | 74 | <0.1% |
| Florida | 2,346 | 1.1% |
| Georgia | 1,771 | 0.8% |
| Hawaii | N/A | N/A |
| Idaho | 15,631 | 7.2% |
| Illinois | 1,748 | 0.8% |
| Indiana | 4,073 | 1.9% |
| Iowa | 5,291 | 2.4% |
| Kansas | 3,819 | 1.7% |
| Kentucky | 941 | 0.4% |
| Louisiana | 135 | 0.1% |
| Maine | 621 | 0.3% |
| Maryland | 840 | 0.4% |
| Massachusetts | 192 | 0.1% |
| Michigan | 11,385 | 5.2% |
| Minnesota | 9,931 | 4.5% |
| Mississippi | 126 | 0.1% |
| Missouri | 1,100 | 0.5% |
| Montana | 259 | 0.1% |
| Nebraska | 1,409 | 0.6% |
| Nevada | 762 | 0.3% |
| New Hampshire | 238 | 0.1% |
| New Jersey | 100 | 0.0% |
| New Mexico | 8,187 | 3.7% |
| New York | 15,122 | 6.9% |
| North Carolina | 902 | 0.4% |
| North Dakota | 326 | 0.1% |
| Ohio | 5,425 | 2.5% |
| Oklahoma | 731 | 0.3% |
| Oregon | 2,592 | 1.2% |
| Pennsylvania | 10,108 | 4.6% |
| Rhode Island | 10.6 | <0.1% |
| South Carolina | 206 | 0.1% |
| South Dakota | 2,810 | 1.3% |
| Tennessee | 551 | 0.3% |
| Texas | 13,850 | 6.3% |
| Utah | 2,262 | 1.0% |
| Vermont | 2,697 | 1.2% |
| Virginia | 1,490 | 0.7% |
| Washington | 6,783 | 3.1% |
| West Virginia | 90 | <0.1% |
| Wisconsin | 30,601 | 14.0% |
| Wyoming | 146.6 | 0.1% |
| Sum | 218,382 | 100% |
See also
- Animal husbandry
- Dairy
- Dairy cattle
- Dairy farming
- Dairy products
- Factory farming
- Family farm
- List of dairy products
- List of cheesemakers
- List of dairy products
- List of dairy product companies in the United States
- Managed intensive grazing
- Veal
Notes
- ↑ Alice C. Richer, "Dairy Industry" in Historical Encyclopedia of American Business, edited by Richard L Wilson (2009) pp:215–218.
- ↑ T. V. Selleck, "The Dutch Immigrants of Southern California and the Dairy Industry, 1920-1960." European contributions to American studies 64 (2006): 187+
- ↑ Steven J. Keillor, "Agricultural change and crosscultural exchange: Danes, Americans, and dairying, 1880-1930." Agricultural History 67#4 (1993), p. 58+ online
- ↑ See Hoard's Dairyman February 26, 2018
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
Further reading
- Apps, Jerry. Cheese: The making of a Wisconsin tradition (University of Wisconsin Press, 2004).
- Bailey, Kenneth W. Marketing and pricing of milk and dairy products in the United States (Iowa State University Press, 1997).
- Blayney, Don P. "The Changing Landscape of U.S. Milk Production" (USDA, 2002) online
- Bowen, Sarah, and Kathryn De Master. "Wisconsin’s 'Happy Cows'? Articulating heritage and territory as new dimensions of locality." Agriculture and Human Values 31.4 (2014): 549-562. online
- Cardoso, Clarissa S., et al. "Imagining the ideal dairy farm." Journal of Dairy Science 99.2 (2016): 1663-1671. online
- Dillon, John J. Seven Decades of Milk - A History of New York's Dairy Industry (2010)
- DuPuis, E. Melanie. Nature's perfect food: How milk became America's drink (NYU Press, 2002). complete text online
- Fuquay, John W. ed. Encyclopedia of Dairy Sciences (2nd Edition, 4 vol 2011), comprehensive coverage
- Janus, Edward. Creating Dairyland: How caring for cows saved our soil, created our landscape, brought prosperity to our state, and still shapes our way of life in Wisconsin (Wisconsin Historical Society, 2011).
- Keillor, Steven J. "Agricultural change and crosscultural exchange: Danes, Americans, and dairying, 1880-1930." Agricultural History 67#4 (1993), p. 58+ online
- Khosrova, Elaine. Butter: A Rich History (2016) excerpt
- Kurlansky, Mark. Milk: A 10,000-Year History (2019) excerpt
- McMurry, Sally. Transforming rural life: Dairying families and agricultural change, 1820-1885 (Johns Hopkins UP, 1995).
- Porter, John. The History and Economics of the New Hampshire Dairy Industry (University of New Hampshire Cooperative Extension Service, 2007).
- Шаблон:Cite web
- Steele, Catherine Baumgarten. "The Steele Brothers: Pioneers in California's Great Dairy Industry." California Historical Quarterly 20.3 (1941): 259-273. online Шаблон:Webarchive
- Switzer, Robert L. A Family Farm: Life on an Illinois Dairy Farm (2012)
- Valenze, Deborah. Milk: A Local and Global History (2011) excerpt
Шаблон:Dairy industry in the United States Шаблон:Agriculture in the United States
