Английская Википедия:De Negotie

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Шаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox Ship Characteristics

De Negotie often shortly written as Negotie was a 1784 built ship of the Dutch East India Company (Dutch: Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie; VOC).

Built in the Netherlands in 1784, it went to Asia were it served for several years for intra-Asia shipping. She went back to the Netherlands in 1789. In November 1790, three days after departing for her travel to Asia she wrecked near Texel, the Netherlands. 43 of the 59 crew members were killed; 16 were rescued. The ship had as cargo a lot of money. There was disagreement who was allowed to salvage the cargo. Only 57,500 guilders of the almost 246,000 guilders was salvaged. It is assumed a lot of money has been taken by illegal salvagers and beachcombers.

Construction

Negotie was a ship built for the Dutch East India Company (VOC) in 1784 in the Amsterdam shipyards of the Dutch East India Company. It was one of the eight ships that the VOC purchased to compensate for the shortage of ships that the company was experiencing.

History

Three months after purchase the ship left the Netherlands for its travel Asia. She stayed there for three years and was used for intra-Asian shipping. In 1789 she traveled back to the Netherlands where she arrived safely at Texel, the Netherlands on 26 June 1790.

In October 1790 it was decided to use the ship again for a voyage to Asia. The ship was loaded with a large amount of money: 23 barrels with bags of copper coins, fourteen chests of silver ducats and a chest with nine bars of gold, with a total value of 245,919 guilders.

Fate

0n 23 November 1790 she departed for her travel to Asia to Ceylon (one source stating Batavia) under the command of captain captain Herm. Driesman. The ship left with 59 people on board. Three days after departure, during the night of 26–27 between 00:00am and 02:00pm (local time) the ship wrecked near De Koog, Texel. Only 16 crew members were rescued, being boatswain P. van Daalen, “barrel man” (in Dutch: kuiper), corporal and thirteen sailors. The other 43 people drowned. The wounded were nursed by a surgeon. VOC commissioner Hendrik van der Merct and acting commander Arie Kikkert, took care of the rescued people and ensured that they were given shelter in De Koog.

On 4 and 5 December the sixteen rescued people returned to Amsterdam. They had lost all their personal belongings. Normally the ship was considered collateral for wages, but because the ship stranded they were no longer entitled to financial compensation. However, there was taken care of the men. The directors decided to pay the men three guilders per week for compensation, as long as they had no other job.

The ship was shattered and cargo washes ashore. The ship foundered on the beach. No bodies were found among the wreckage. Director Van der Goes assumed that they had ended up under the sand.

VOC made various contracts with salvagers and divers, in an attempt to recover most of the money. In the years 1790-1794, mainly goods were found. When the last salvage attempt by Mr Kikkert was abandoned in 1800, the total salvaged was around 57,500 guilders (of the almost 246,000 guilders). More money will most likely have been recovered by illegal salvagers and beachcombers.

Cargo

The boatswain made notes of the goods that were washed ashore. However, he was removed from the beach by the bailiff of Texel, even though the boatswain was acting on behalf of the rightful owner of the cargo. The sheriff Jacobus Valk did not recognize Van Daalen's authority. In most cases the sheriff has the right to salvage a wrecked ship, but because people from the VOC were present (the rightful owner of the goods) this was not the case. On 29 November the issue was discussed at the Amsterdam Chamber. Various residents from Texel were heard, and the boatswain about the disaster and also the problems surrounding the responsibility of salvage. It was decided to leave the salvage of ship and cargo to the Committed Councils of the Noorderkwartier. In addition, director Frank van der Goes, had to look after the VOC interests on Texel.

VOC representatives Kikkert and Van der Merct appointed guards to protect the beach, as beachcombers would already captured some cargo. However, sheriff Valk sent the men away as he didn’t recognizes their authority. Van der Goes tried to talk to Valk, but he was always unavailable. On 2 December the directors of the VOC discussed the issue about the sheriff. It was decided to contact lawyer S.C. Nederburgh to write a letter that ended the dispute between Valk and the VOC representatives. They also instructed Van der Goes to sell all unusable goods immediately.