Английская Википедия:De Rotterdam
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Other uses
De Rotterdam is a building on the Wilhelminapier in Rotterdam, designed by the Office for Metropolitan Architecture in 1998 and developed by Edge. The complex is located between the KPN Tower and Rotterdam Cruise Terminal and was finalized at the end of 2013. On 21 November 2013, the municipality of Rotterdam, as the largest user, received the keys. The design provides space for offices, a hotel and apartments. The 44 floors amount to a total floor space area of about 160,000 m²,[1] making it the largest building in the Netherlands.[2]
Realisation
Construction began in 2009, when the municipality committed itself to hire 25,000 m² of the office space. The highest point (at 149 meters) was reached at the end of 2012, and the building was ready on its scheduled date of 15 November 2013.[3][4][5] The total cost at the start of construction in 2009 was estimated to be €340,000,000.[6]
Appearance and construction
Rem Koolhaas, who once considered a career in film, reasoned that the most frequent view of these structures would be in motion, from the window of a car.[2] As the view changes, the towers, rising from a shared six-story plinth, separate and then merge.[2] The building consists of three interconnected towers that share a thirty feet high base which includes six floors.[7] The lower two layers form a large glass plinth. At about 90 meters above ground the towers – known as West Tower, Mid Tower and East Tower– are shifted a few meters in different directions, which enhances the wind stability and provides space for terraces.[3] In the original design the towers did not touch each other, but in order to simplify the play of forces and to keep the construction affordable they are now connected in a few places. The facade provides the option of natural ventilation. On the west side there are balconies that are accessible from the apartments.
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Detail of facade
Usage
De Rotterdam is designed for residency, labor and leisure. The largest part is intended as office space and residency. It has 240 apartments, 72,000 m2 of offices, conference rooms and an underground parking with two floors providing over 684 parking spaces[3] There is also a hotel with 285 rooms and 1500 m2 is assigned to cafes and restaurants. For fitness facilities 2,500 m2 is reserved and for shops 5,000 m2. The functions are grouped into blocks, but the different user groups meet at various places in the building, a concept that is defined by the Office for Metropolitan Architecture as a vertical city.[8] De Rotterdam will be used daily by about 5,000 people[7] and with a floor space index of 32 De Rotterdam forms the most densely built part of the Netherlands.
References
External links
- ↑ Шаблон:In lang "De Rotterdam opgeleverd Шаблон:Webarchive", de Architect, 22 November 2013.
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 Шаблон:In lang De Rotterdam, top010.nl. Retrieved on 28 November 2013
- ↑ Шаблон:In lang De Rotterdam Шаблон:Webarchive, Kopvanzuid.info.
- ↑ Шаблон:In lang "Op het topje van het grootste gebouw van Nederland", Algemeen Dagblad, 19 July 2013.
- ↑ Шаблон:In lang "Groot project Rem Koolhaas in Rotterdam", Het Parool, 10 July 2009.
- ↑ 7,0 7,1 Шаблон:In lang De Rotterdam: Verticale stad van Rem Koolhaas op hoogste punt, OVG Real Estate. Retrieved on 18 November 2013.
- ↑ Шаблон:In lang Шаблон:Aut, "Architectuur: de verticale stad", Vrij Nederland, 14 June 2013.
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