Английская Википедия:Democracy in Europe
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Democracy in Europe can be comparatively assessed[1] according to various definitions of democracy.[2] According to the V-Dem Democracy Indices, the European countries with the highest democracy scores in 2023 are Denmark, Norway and Sweden, meanwhile the European countries with lowest democracy scores in 2023 are Belarus, Russia and Turkey.[3]
Changes in democracy
After the fall of Communism most countries in Central and Eastern Europe either democratized or re-democratized.[4] Some democratic backsliding can be observed in parts of Europe, including Hungary and Poland.[5][6] Some view European democracies have become more consensual and less majoritarian over time.[7] Increased importance of constitutionalism has been claimed.[8]
Measures of democracy
The table below shows European countries scored on the 5 high-level V-Dem Democracy Indices in 2023.[9][10] Шаблон:Static row numbers
| Country | Electoral Democracy | Liberal Democracy | Participatory Democracy | Deliberative Democracy | Egalitarian Democracy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:Flaglist | 0.916 | 0.889 | 0.702 | 0.877 | 0.878 |
| Шаблон:Flaglist | 0.899 | 0.857 | 0.645 | 0.872 | 0.86 |
| Шаблон:Flaglist | 0.899 | 0.87 | 0.643 | 0.806 | 0.816 |
| Шаблон:Flaglist | 0.898 | 0.851 | 0.801 | 0.863 | 0.834 |
| Шаблон:Flaglist | 0.893 | 0.847 | 0.619 | 0.754 | 0.798 |
| Шаблон:Flaglist | 0.889 | 0.824 | 0.634 | 0.808 | 0.792 |
| Шаблон:Flaglist | 0.887 | 0.825 | 0.633 | 0.812 | 0.823 |
| Шаблон:Flaglist | 0.881 | 0.797 | 0.584 | 0.839 | 0.822 |
| Шаблон:Flaglist | 0.874 | 0.803 | 0.602 | 0.806 | 0.753 |
| Шаблон:Flaglist | 0.873 | 0.791 | 0.618 | 0.765 | 0.724 |
| Шаблон:Flaglist | 0.861 | 0.816 | 0.612 | 0.792 | 0.779 |
| Шаблон:Flaglist | 0.857 | 0.807 | 0.615 | 0.816 | 0.792 |
| Шаблон:Flaglist | 0.853 | 0.784 | 0.565 | 0.74 | 0.772 |
| Шаблон:Flaglist | 0.852 | 0.8 | 0.58 | 0.804 | 0.765 |
| Шаблон:Flaglist | 0.851 | 0.779 | 0.612 | 0.605 | 0.702 |
| Шаблон:Flaglist | 0.846 | 0.753 | 0.58 | 0.737 | 0.723 |
| Шаблон:Flaglist | 0.844 | 0.766 | 0.668 | 0.768 | 0.775 |
| Шаблон:Flaglist | 0.843 | 0.766 | 0.603 | 0.73 | 0.705 |
| Шаблон:Flaglist | 0.821 | 0.73 | 0.583 | 0.689 | 0.695 |
| Шаблон:Flaglist | 0.819 | 0.732 | 0.6 | 0.714 | 0.73 |
| Шаблон:Flaglist | 0.799 | 0.704 | 0.579 | 0.702 | 0.685 |
| Шаблон:Flaglist | 0.797 | 0.741 | 0.588 | 0.648 | 0.687 |
| Шаблон:Flaglist | 0.794 | 0.7 | 0.556 | 0.671 | 0.71 |
| Шаблон:Flaglist | 0.783 | 0.6 | 0.536 | 0.684 | 0.659 |
| Шаблон:Flaglist | 0.782 | 0.641 | 0.555 | 0.634 | 0.692 |
| Шаблон:Flaglist | 0.777 | 0.644 | 0.479 | 0.63 | 0.672 |
| Шаблон:Flaglist | 0.752 | 0.642 | 0.52 | 0.674 | 0.582 |
| Шаблон:Flaglist | 0.738 | 0.648 | 0.507 | 0.587 | 0.577 |
| Шаблон:Flaglist | 0.689 | 0.547 | 0.499 | 0.35 | 0.482 |
| Шаблон:Flaglist | 0.688 | 0.613 | 0.486 | 0.588 | 0.546 |
| Шаблон:Flaglist | 0.647 | 0.504 | 0.408 | 0.532 | 0.515 |
| Шаблон:Flaglist | 0.645 | 0.445 | 0.401 | 0.502 | 0.54 |
| Шаблон:Flaglist | 0.618 | 0.463 | 0.36 | 0.414 | 0.432 |
| Шаблон:Flaglist | 0.574 | 0.425 | 0.353 | 0.358 | 0.494 |
| Шаблон:Flaglist | 0.528 | 0.365 | 0.318 | 0.355 | 0.366 |
| Шаблон:Flaglist | 0.501 | 0.404 | 0.3 | 0.389 | 0.401 |
| Шаблон:Flaglist | 0.484 | 0.409 | 0.3 | 0.273 | 0.355 |
| Шаблон:Flaglist | 0.445 | 0.337 | 0.294 | 0.213 | 0.324 |
| Шаблон:Flaglist | 0.406 | 0.234 | 0.273 | 0.351 | 0.317 |
| Шаблон:Flaglist | 0.361 | 0.265 | 0.25 | 0.231 | 0.316 |
| Шаблон:Flaglist | 0.276 | 0.118 | 0.164 | 0.084 | 0.209 |
| Шаблон:Flaglist | 0.209 | 0.071 | 0.142 | 0.073 | 0.15 |
| Шаблон:Flaglist | 0.175 | 0.042 | 0.059 | 0.039 | 0.224 |
See also
- Act of Independence of Lithuania (1918)
- Athenian Revolution
- Age of Liberty (Sweden)
- Constitution of Norway (1814)
- Constitution of the Netherlands (1815)
- Constitution of Belgium (1831)
- Constitution of Denmark (1849)
- Czechoslovak declaration of independence (1918)
- Democracy in the Middle East and North Africa
- Democratic backsliding by country#Europe
- Democratization#Democratization by country
- Demokratizatsiya (Soviet Union)
- End of World War II in Europe
- Estonian Declaration of Independence (1918)
- French Revolution
- Glorious Revolution
- Magna Carta
- Greek transition to democracy (Metapolitefsi)
- Overthrow of the Roman monarchy
- People's Council of Latvia (1918)
- Politics of Europe
- Portuguese transition to democracy
- Representation of the People Act 1884
- Revolutions of 1848
- Revolutions of 1989
- Romanian revolution
- Rose Revolution
- Second Spanish Republic
- Second Polish Republic
- Singing Revolution
- Spanish transition to democracy
- Switzerland as a federal state
- Weimar Republic
- 1907 Finnish parliamentary election
- 1924 Greek republic referendum
- 1946 Italian institutional referendum
- 1989–1991 Ukrainian revolution
- 2018 Armenian Revolution
References
Шаблон:Europe topic Шаблон:Europe topics Шаблон:Portal bar
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Democracy Report 2023, Table 3, V-Dem Institute, 2023
- ↑ Ágh, Attila. "Rethinking the historical trajectory of ECE: From the “original sin” in democratization to redemocratization." Politics in Central Europe 16.2 (2020): 367-398.
- ↑ Sitter, Nick, and Elisabeth Bakke. "Democratic backsliding in the European Union." (2019).
- ↑ Cianetti, Licia, James Dawson, and Seán Hanley. "Rethinking “democratic backsliding” in Central and Eastern Europe–looking beyond Hungary and Poland." Rethinking'Democratic Backsliding'in Central and Eastern Europe. Routledge, 2020. 1-14.
- ↑ The Future of Democracy in Europe Technology and the Evolution of Representation, 2020, Chapham House
- ↑ Bickerton, C. (2018), ‘Beyond the European void? Reflections on Peter Mair’s legacy’, European Law Journal, Volume 24, Issue 4–5, September 2018, pp. 268–80
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Coppedge, Michael, et al. Varieties of democracy: Measuring two centuries of political change. Cambridge University Press, 2020.
