Английская Википедия:Demolition of monuments to Vladimir Lenin in Ukraine
Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Expand Ukrainian Шаблон:Expand Russian Шаблон:Multiple image The demolition of monuments to Vladimir Lenin in Ukraine started during the fall of the Soviet Union and continued to a small extent throughout the 1990s, mostly in some western Ukrainian towns, though by 2013 most Lenin statues in Ukraine remained standing. During Euromaidan in 2013–2014, the destruction of statues of Lenin become a widespread phenomenon and became popularly known in Ukraine as Leninopad (Ukrainian: Ленінопад, Russian: Ленинопад), a pun literally translated as "Leninfall",[1] with the coinage of "-пад" being akin to English words suffixed with "fall" as in "waterfall", "snowfall", etc.
History
The demolition of Lenin monuments in Ukraine happened in four stages. During the 1990s, more than 2,000 Lenin monuments were demolished in western part of Ukraine, at the turn of the 1990–2000s more than 600 Lenin monuments were removed in western and central areas, in 2005–2008, more than 600 were demolished mainly in central areas, and in 2013–2014, 552 monuments were demolished.[2]
The first wave of demolitions of Lenin monuments happened in Western Ukraine in 1990–1991. On 1 August 1990, in Chervonohrad a Lenin monument was demolished for the first time in the USSR.[3] Under popular pressure the monument was dismantled, formally with the purpose of moving elsewhere. That same year, Lenin monuments were dismantled in Ternopil, Kolomyia, Nadvirna, Borislav, Drohobych, Lviv and other cities of Galicia.[4]
In 1991, Ukraine had 5,500 Lenin monuments.[5] In November 2015, approximately 1,300 Lenin monuments were still standing.[5] More than 700 Lenin monuments were removed and/or destroyed between February 2014 and December 2015.[5]
On 9 April 2015, the Ukrainian parliament passed legislation on decommunization.[6] On 15 May 2015, President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko signed this bill into law that started a six-month period for the removal of communist monuments (excluding World War II monuments) and the mandatory renaming of settlements with names related to Communism.[7] On 16 January 2017, the Ukrainian Institute of National Remembrance announced that 1,320 Lenin monuments were dismantled during decommunization.[8]
A website "Raining Lenins"[9] tracks the statistics of the fall of Lenin statues in Ukraine.[4]
On 17 March 2016, the largest Lenin monument at the unoccupied territory of Ukraine, 19.8 meters high, was dismantled in Zaporizhzhia.[10] In between the annexation of the Crimean Peninsula by the Russian Federation and 28 September 2014, the largest Lenin monument at the unoccupied territory was standing in Kharkiv (20.2 m high).[11][12] This statue of Lenin in Kharkiv was toppled and destroyed on 28 September 2014.[13]
During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, many of these statues of Lenin, which had been taken down by Ukrainian activists, were re-erected by Russian occupiers in Russian-controlled areas.[14][15][16][17]
Motivation
The start of the "Leninopad" in its mass was laid by the demolition of the Lenin monument in Kyiv on the Bessarabian Square. The event took place on 8 December 2013 at around 6:00 pm. Even more people began to massively destroy monuments of the Soviet past after reports about the Euromaidan activists who died during the protests in Kyiv.
In January 2015, the Ministry of Culture of Ukraine announced that it would encourage all public initiatives related to cleaning Ukraine of monuments to figures of the communist past. According to Minister Vyacheslav Kyrylenko, his department will initiate the removal from the State Register of Immovable Monuments of Ukraine of all monuments related to communist figures listed there. "The state will not oppose, but on the contrary, will in every possible way support all public initiatives that will fight for the cleansing of Ukraine from these relics of the totalitarian past," the minister emphasized.[18]
In April 2015, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine voted in favor of the draft law "On the condemnation of the communist and national socialist (Nazi) totalitarian regimes in Ukraine and the prohibition of propaganda of their symbols", which, in particular, will oblige local authorities to dismantle monuments to communist figures on the territory of Ukraine.[19]
Communist monuments toppled during Euromaidan
Euromaidan protesters toppled several statues of Vladimir Lenin in Ukrainian cities.[20][21][22] Some estimates said that more than 90 statues were toppled.[23] In December 2015, The Ukrainian Week calculated that 376 Lenin monuments were removed or destroyed in February 2014.[5]
This is a partial list:
Landmark | Location | Date | Status | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Statue of Lenin | Andriievo-Ivanove | 3 January 2014 | Broken in two | Police launched an investigation based on a Criminal Code article entitled "Destruction of, or Damage to, Monuments of History or Culture".[24] | |
Statue of Lenin | Berdychiv | 22 February 2014 | Toppled and destroyed | [25][26] | Statue of Lenin in Berdychiv in 2013. |
Statue of Lenin | Bila Tserkva | 2014 | Toppled and destroyed | [20][27] | Statue of Lenin in Bila Tserkva in 2009. |
Statue of Lenin | Chernihiv | 21 February 2014 | Toppled | [28][29] | "Lenin has laid down" |
Statue of Lenin | Chervona Sloboda | 8 July 2014 | Toppled | According to the Ukrainian Communist Party "a criminal case has been opened over the act of vandalism".[30][31] | |
Statue of Lenin | Kharkiv | 28 September 2014 | Toppled and destroyed | The destruction of the Kharkiv Lenin statue on 28 September 2014 | |
Statue of Lenin | Kherson | 7 February 2013 | Destroyed | [32] | |
Statue of Lenin | Khmelnytskyi | 21 February 2014 | Toppled | [20][27][33] | Toppling of the statue of Lenin in Khmelnitsky, 21 February 2014. |
Statue of Lenin | Korosten | 5 October 2014 | Toppled | Empty plinth | |
Statue of Lenin | Kyiv | 8 December 2013 | Toppled and destroyed | [21] | Toppled Lenin statue being broken into pieces for souvenirs |
Statue of Lenin | Melitopol | 5 July 2015 | Dismantled by the City Council | An empty pedestal of a Lenin statue | |
Statue of Lenin | Novomoskovsk | 2 August 2015 | Toppled | [34] | |
Statue of Lenin | "Pressmash" Factory, Odesa | 23 October 2015 | Transformed into a statue of Darth Vader | [35] | |
Statue of Lenin | Podilsk | 8 December 2013 | Broken into several pieces | [24] | |
Statue of Lenin | Pryluky | Dismantled | Файл:Демонтаж 2.jpg | ||
Bust of Lenin | Sievierodonetsk | 1 October 2014 | Set on fire and dismantled | [36] | |
Statue of Lenin | Stanytsia Luhanska | 16 April 2015 | Toppled | Файл:Lenin Stanytsia.jpg | |
Statue of Lenin | Velyki Sorochyntsi | Dismantled | Файл:Leninopad inVelyki Sorochyntsi.jpg | ||
Statue of Lenin | Zaporizhzhia | 17 March 2016 | Dismantled | [37] | |
Statue of Lenin | Zhytomyr | 21 February 2014 | Toppled and destroyed | [20][27][38] |
Reactions
The removal of the monuments evoked mixed feelings among the Ukrainian population.[39] In some cases, like in Kharkiv in early 2014,[40] pro-Russian Ukrainian crowds protected the monuments, including members of the communist and socialist parties, as well as veterans of World War II and the Afghan wars.[41] The Statue of Lenin in Kharkiv was toppled on 28 September 2014.[13] Late October 2014, then Kharkiv Governor Ihor Baluta admitted that he thought that the majority of Kharkiv residents had not wanted the statue removed, but said "there was hardly any protest afterward either, which is quite telling".[42]
In January 2015, the Ministry of Culture of Ukraine announced that it would encourage any public initiatives related to the cleansing of Ukraine from monuments to figures of the totalitarian communist past.[43]
See also
- List of statues of Vladimir Lenin
- List of communist monuments in Ukraine
- Decommunization in Ukraine
- Derussification in Ukraine
- Lustration in Ukraine
- Demolition of monuments to Alexander Pushkin in Ukraine
- Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials
References
External links
Bibliography
Шаблон:Euromaidan Шаблон:Russian intervention in Ukraine
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:In lang The first Lenin fell in 1990: how the idol of communism was dropped Шаблон:Webarchive, Gazeta.ua (8 December 2018)
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 Volodymyr Semkiv, "Падай, Леніне, падай" Шаблон:Webarchive ("Fall, Lenin, Fall", retrieved 9 June 2017)
- ↑ 5,0 5,1 5,2 5,3 Out of Sight Шаблон:Webarchive, The Ukrainian Week (28 December 2015)
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Poroshenko signed the laws about decomunization Шаблон:Webarchive. Ukrayinska Pravda. 15 May 2015
Poroshenko signs laws on denouncing Communist, Nazi regimes Шаблон:Webarchive, Interfax-Ukraine. 15 May 20
Poroshenko: Time for Ukraine to resolutely get rid of Communist symbols Шаблон:Webarchive, UNIAN. 17 May 2015
Goodbye, Lenin: Ukraine moves to ban communist symbols Шаблон:Webarchive, BBC News (14 April 2015) - ↑ Шаблон:In lang Dekomunizuvaly monuments to Lenin in 1320, Bandera set 4 Шаблон:Webarchive, Ukrayinska Pravda (16 January 2017)
Шаблон:In lang WITH 50 THOUSAND RENAMED OBJECTS PLACE NAMES, ONLY 34 ARE NAMED AFTER BANDERA Шаблон:Webarchive, Ukrainian Institute of National Remembrance (16 January 2017) - ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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- ↑ 13,0 13,1 Шаблон:Cite web
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- ↑ В Україні знесуть усі пам'ятники радянським діячам Шаблон:Webarchive // Лівий берег. — 2015. — 9 квіт.
- ↑ 20,0 20,1 20,2 20,3 Шаблон:Cite web
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- ↑ 27,0 27,1 27,2 Шаблон:YouTube
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