Английская Википедия:Dissident Left
Шаблон:Infobox political party The Dissident Left (Шаблон:Lang-it), commonly named The Pentarchy (Шаблон:Lang-it) for its five leaders, was a progressive and radical parliamentary group active in Italy during the last decades of the 19th century.[1]
History
It emerged in 1880 from the left-wing of the two dominant parliamentary groups, the Historical Left, in opposition to the trasformismo of Agostino Depretis. In the 1880 general election, the party won 19.7% of the vote and 119 seats in the Chamber of Deputies.[2]
The Pentarchy was a group formed led by Francesco Crispi and composed also by Giuseppe Zanardelli, Benedetto Cairoli, Giovanni Nicotera, Agostino Magliani, Alfredo Beccarini and Gabriele D'Annunzio. Initially split from the Left in 1880, this group re-merged in to the Left in 1887.[3]
Ideology
The Dissident Left supported statist and progressive internal policies, expansionism and Germanophile foreign policies, as well as protectionist economy policies. Most of these policies were to be implemented by Francesco Crispi when he became Prime Minister in the 1890s.[4]
Electoral results
| Chamber of Deputies | |||||
| Election year | Votes | % | Seats | +/− | Leader |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1880 | 70,479 (3rd) | 19.7 | Шаблон:Composition bar | Шаблон:Center | Giuseppe Zanardelli |
| 1882 | 45,282 (4th) | 3.7 | Шаблон:Composition bar | Шаблон:Center | Giuseppe Zanardelli |
| 1886 | 71,632 (4th) | 5.1 | Шаблон:Composition bar | Шаблон:Center | Giuseppe Zanardelli |
References
Шаблон:Reflist Шаблон:19th century Italian political groups
- ↑ "Giuseppe Zanardelli – Biografia" Шаблон:Webarchive.
- ↑ Dieter Nohlen; Philip Stöver (2010). Elections in Europe: A Data Handbook. p. 1047. Шаблон:ISBN.
- ↑ Denis Mack Smith (1997). Storia d'Italia dal 1861 al 1897.
- ↑ Simone Oldani. "La politica di Crispi" Шаблон:Webarchive.
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