Английская Википедия:Dobrujan Tatar dialect

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Шаблон:Pp-move-indef Шаблон:Short description Участник:RMCD bot/subject notice Шаблон:Infobox language Шаблон:Crimean Tatars Dobrujan Tatar is the Tatar language of Romania.[1] It includes Kipchak dialects,[2][3][4][5] but today there is no longer a sharp distinction between the dialects and it is mostly seen as one language.[6][7] This language belongs to the Kipchak Turkic languages, specifically to Kipchak-Nogai.[1]

Name

In Romania is it commonly called as Tatar language. But in some sources is also seen Romanian Tatar,[1] Dobrujan Tatar,[1] Danube Tatar, Budjak Tatar,[8] Moldovan-Romanian Tatar,[9] Nogai, Nogai-Tatar, Dobrujan Nogai, Budjak Nogai, Crimean Tatar, Dobrujan Crimean Tatar, Authentic Crimean Tatar or Colloquial Crimean Tatar.

Dialects

Tatar language in Romania has three dialects:[1][10]

  1. The Şól dialect spoken by about 70% of Romanian Tatars. It's spoken mainly in the south and center of Constanța and has been heavily influenced by Oghuz.
  2. The Nogay dialect spoken by about 20% of Romanian Tatars. It's spoken in Tulcea, near and far north of Constanța, and is the most conservative in preserving Kipchak elements.
  3. The Yalîbolu or Tat dialect spoken by about 10% of Romanian Tatars. It's spoken around the cities of Hacıoğlu Pazarcık (Dobrich) and is the closest to Oghuz languages.

They differ mainly in pronunciation, and to some extent in vocabulary.[1]

Grammar

Dobrujan Tatar is a highly agglutinative language; that is, much of the grammar is expressed by means of suffixes added to nouns and verbs.[7] It is very regular compared with many other languages of non-Turkic group. For example, "şeherlerden" (from the cities) can be analysed as "şeher" (city), "-ler" (plural suffix) and "-den" (ablative case, meaning "from"); "alaman" (I take) as "al" (take), "-a" (present tense) and "-man" (first person singular).

Literary Tatar

Tatar spoken in Romania has two distinct facets existing, interweaving and forming together the literary Tatar language "edebiy Tatarşa". One of these aspects is the authentic Tatar called "ğalpî Tatarşa" or "ğalpak Tatarşa" and the other is the academic Tatar language called "muwallímatşa".[7]

  • Academic Tatar language, means writing and pronouncing Arabic and Persian neologisms - occurring mostly in science, religion, literature, arts or politics - in their original form.
  • Authentic Tatar language, means writing and pronouncing words, including those of Arabic and Persian origin, by strictly adapting them to the own phonetic system.

Naturalization

Naturalization is shifting the spelling of academic speech sounds to authentic sounds following the patterns below, where a greater-than sign indicates that one sound changes to another.[7]

f > p
v > w
v > b
ç > ş
ç > j
h > (skip over)
h > k
h > y
h > w

Letters

Файл:Tatar language in Romania Letters.png
Authentic and Academic letters

There is a total of 10 letters used to represent determinant sounds of which 9 mark authentic determinant sounds: a, e, i, î, í, o, ó, u, ú while the letter á is used for an academic vowel. The writing system registers authentic consonants with 17 letters: b, ç, d, g, ğ, j,k, l, m, n, ñ, p, r, s, ş, t, z and has three signs standing for the academic consonants: f, h, v. There are also two authentic semivowels: y, w. An old authentic Turkic consonant, the sound /ç/ represented by the letter ⟨Ç⟩ is rarely heard because authentic speakers of Tatar spoken in Dobruja spell it /ş/ as letter ⟨Ş⟩. As the written language most often follows the spoken language shifting ⟨Ç⟩ to ⟨Ş⟩, the result is that in Tatar spoken in Romania letter ⟨Ç⟩ and sound /ç/ are often treated as academic.[7]

Pronouns

Personal pronouns
1st person 2nd person 3rd person
Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural
Nominative men bíz sen síz o olar
Accusative mení bízní sení sízní onî olarnî
Genitive mením bízím seníñ sízíñ onîñ olarnîñ
Ablative menden bízden senden sízden ondan olardan
Locative mende bízde sende sízde onda olarda
Dative maga bízge saga sízge oga olarga

In addition to pronouns above, genitive pronouns can also has absolute possessive suffix -kî/kí by adding after genitive forms, resulting on forms menímkí, bízímkí, seníñkí, sízíñkí, onîñkî, and olarnîñkî.[11] This suffix can be also added on nouns.

The accusative forms bízní and sízní can also be bízí and sízí.

The pronoun olar- is also possible as onlar-.[11]

The demonstrative pronouns include proximal bo and şo.

Alphabet

Шаблон:See

Status

Education

The Dobrujan Tatar language did get a Latin alphabet in 1956,[1] it was established as a section in University of Bucharest the Faculty of Foreign Languages and Literatures in 1957 and also in 1977 it was disbanded.[12] Most of the teachers who taught at the Tatar language department graduated from the Faculty of History and Philology of Kazan State University (Tatarstan - Russian Federation), specializing in Tatar language and literature.[12] In the communist period, Tatar books were brought from the USSR to teach the Tatar language in Romania, but it failed. Nowadays the Tatar language is taught in some Romanian schools using Tatar language books.[1][13]

Media

There are some Tatar magazines in Romania, also novels, dictionaries, poetry books, school books and science books.[14][15][1][13] Some of the dictionaries are printed by the help of UDTTMR.[16] In Romanian television broadcasts was also Tatar learning rubrics called „Tatarşa üyrenemĭz“ (Шаблон:Lang-ro; "We learn Tatar") and the TV show „Romanya'dan Tatarlar“ (Шаблон:Lang-ro; "Tatars from Romania") showed.[17][18] However, the language is not supported in language keyboards or in language codes.

Official status

The Government of Romania recognises the Tatar community. Also every 5 May is the official Tatar language Day in Romania.[19]

Nilghuin Ismail describes the situation: "Nowadays the Romanian Tatar language is preserved only as spoken language. Even so in accordance with the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, in the Recommendation 1201 (1993), on an additional protocol on the rights of national minorities, is stipulated: Every person belonging to a national minority shall have theright to freely use his/her mother tongue in private and in public, both orally and inwriting. This right shall also apply to the use of his/her language in publications andin the audiovisual sector. Despite all these recommendations, in Romania we still do not have literary Tatar language."[1]

See also

Notes

Шаблон:Notelist

Sources

  • Vuap-Mocanu, Şukran (1985). Curs practic de limba tătară. Bucureşti: Universitatea din Bucureşti (Romanian)
  • Akmolla, Güner (2009). Tatarlar. Constanța, NewLine (Tatar)
  • Ibraim, Neriman; Ibram, Nuredin (2014). Din lirica tătarăĭ. Constanța: Imperium (Romanian)
  • Ibram, Nuredin (2017). Tătarii din România. Constanța: Muntenia (Romanian)

References

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,8 1,9 Шаблон:Cite web
  2. ↑ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287996468_Ekstra_Kucuk_Bir_Dil_Olarak_Romanya_Tatar_Turkcesi_As_an_Extra_Small_Language_Romania_Tatar_Turkish
  3. ↑ THE TURKISH LANGUAGE SPOKEN BY THE TURK-TATAR COMMUNITY LIVING IN ROMANIA
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  6. ↑ http://lls.unibuc.ro/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/13_07_21_19AUB_Foreign_Languages_and_Literatures_2009_part_II.pdf
  7. ↑ 7,0 7,1 7,2 7,3 7,4 The Sounds of Tatar Spoken in Romania: The Golden Khwarezmian Language of the Nine Noble Nations, Taner Murat, Anticus Press, Constanța, 2018, ISBN 978-606-94509-4-9
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  9. ↑ https://www.turkedebiyati.org/dil-lehce-sive-agiz-nedir/
  10. ↑ Eker, Süer (2006). Ekstra küçük bir dil olarak Romanya "Tatar Türkçesi" Шаблон:Webarchive
  11. ↑ 11,0 11,1 Kîrîm tatarşa — Kazakşa Sózlík, Taner Murat, CreateSpace, Charleston SC, USA, 2011, ISBN 978-1461083108
  12. ↑ 12,0 12,1 Secția de Limba tătară
  13. ↑ 13,0 13,1 Implementation of the Tatar Language in the Schools of Romania
  14. ↑ UDTTMR Publications
  15. ↑ Books of Taner Murat
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  17. ↑ UDTTMR Rubric; Friday, 18:00 in LITORAL TV (See description)
  18. ↑ UDTTMR TV show; Friday, 18:00 in LITORAL TV (See description)
  19. ↑ Tatar language Day in Romania

External links

Websites

Online Books

Шаблон:Turkic languages Шаблон:Languages of Romania Шаблон:Languages of Bulgaria

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