Английская Википедия:External border of the European Union

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Шаблон:Short description

Файл:EU27-2020 European Union map.svg
Map of the European Union (as of March 2020)
Файл:Special member state territories and the European Union.svg
Map of the EU, including all special territories. The Outermost Regions in blue are considered part of the EU's external borders.

The border of the European Union consists of the land borders that member states of the EU share with non-EU states adjacent to the union.

Border status and cooperation

In 2004 the European Union developed the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) for the promotion of cooperation between the EU and its neighbours to the east and south of the European territory of the EU (i.e., excluding its outermost regions outside of Europe),[1] which, in part, includes the Cross-Border Cooperation programme aimed at the promotion of economic development in border areas and ensuring border security.[2]

External border control

The Border and Coast Guard Agency, more commonly known as Frontex, was established in 2004. Its main task is external border control of the Schengen Area. Most of its activities are coordinated with the coast and border guards of member states.

List of bilateral land borders

Current external borders

Border Member state Non-member state Notes
Austria–Liechtenstein border Austria Liechtenstein Schengen border[note 1]
Austria–Switzerland border Austria Switzerland Schengen border[note 1]
Bulgaria–North Macedonia border Bulgaria North Macedonia
Bulgaria–Serbia border Bulgaria Serbia
Bulgaria–Turkey border Bulgaria Turkey
Croatia–Bosnia and Herzegovina border Croatia Bosnia and Herzegovina
Croatia–Montenegro border Croatia Montenegro
Croatia–Serbia border Croatia Serbia
CyprusAkrotiri and Dhekelia Cyprus Akrotiri and Dhekelia (United Kingdom) Akrotiri and Dhekelia are British overseas territories, and have never been a part of the EU
Cyprus-Northern Cyprus border Cyprus Northern Cyprus The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is a self-proclaimed country covering the northeastern part of the island of Cyprus. Currently only Turkey recognises the independence of Northern Cyprus.
Estonia–Russia border Estonia Russia
Finland–Norway border Finland Norway Schengen border[note 1]
Finland–Russia border Finland Russia
France–Andorra border France Andorra
France–Brazil border France Brazil Located in French Guiana.
France–Monaco border France Monaco microstate border[note 2]
France–Suriname border France Suriname Located in French Guiana.
France–Switzerland border France Switzerland Schengen border[note 1]
France-United Kingdom border France United Kingdom Located in the Channel Tunnel[note 3]
Germany–Switzerland border Germany Switzerland Schengen border[note 1]
Greece–Albania border Greece Albania
Greece–North Macedonia border Greece North Macedonia
Greece–Turkey border Greece Turkey
Hungary–Serbia border Hungary Serbia
Hungary–Ukraine border Hungary Ukraine
Italy–San Marino border Italy San Marino microstate border[note 2]
Italy–Switzerland border Italy Switzerland Schengen border[note 1]
Italy–Vatican City border Italy Vatican City microstate border[note 2]
Latvia–Belarus border Latvia Belarus
Latvia–Russia border Latvia Russia
Lithuania–Belarus border Lithuania Belarus
Lithuania–Russia border Lithuania Russia
Poland–Belarus border Poland Belarus
Poland–Russia border Poland Russia
Poland–Ukraine border Poland Ukraine
Republic of Ireland–United Kingdom border Ireland United Kingdom
Romania–Moldova border Romania Moldova
Romania–Serbia border Romania Serbia
Romania–Ukraine border Romania Ukraine
Slovakia–Ukraine border Slovakia Ukraine
Spain–Andorra border Spain Andorra
Spain–Gibraltar border Spain Gibraltar (United Kingdom) Gibraltar is a British overseas territory
Spain–Morocco border Spain Morocco
Sweden–Norway border Sweden Norway Schengen border[note 1]

Шаблон:Reflist

Special cases

border state A state B notes
Cyprus–Northern Cyprus border Cyprus Northern Cyprus Northern Cyprus is a de facto state recognised only by Turkey. Its territory is considered by the international community to be part of the Republic of Cyprus, a EU member.
France–Netherlands border France Netherlands The border between Saint-Martin and Sint Maarten. Both countries are in the EU, but this is not a Schengen border, as the territories are not in Schengen. See Franco-Dutch treaty on Saint Martin border controls.

Former external borders

Border From Until
Austria–Czech Republic border 1995 2004
Austria–(West) Germany border 1958 1995
Austria–Hungary border 1995 2004
Austria–Italy border 1958 1995
Austria–Slovakia border 1995 2004
Austria–Slovenia border 1995 2004
Denmark–West Germany border 1958 1973
France–Spain border 1958 1986
West German–East German border 1958 1990
Germany–Czech Republic border
(previously (West) Germany–Czechoslovakia border)
1958,
1990
2004
Germany–Poland border 1990 2004
Italy–Slovenia border border
(previously Italy–Yugoslavia border)
1958 2004
Hungary–Romania border 2004 2007
Greece–Bulgaria border 1981 2007
Hungary–Croatia border 2004 2013
Slovenia–Croatia border 2004 2013

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links


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