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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox government agency The Federal Ministry of Finance (Шаблон:Lang-de), abbreviated BMF, is the cabinet-level finance ministry of Germany, with its seat at the Detlev-Rohwedder-Haus in Berlin and a secondary office in Bonn. The current Federal Minister of Finance is Christian Lindner (FDP).

History

In German politics, the Ministry of Finance beside the Interior, Foreign, Justice and Defence ministries is counted as one of the "classical portfolios" (denoted by the definite article der), which were also part of the first German government under Otto von Bismarck following the Unification of 1871.

Файл:Bundesarchiv Bild 147-0269, Berlin, Reichsfinanzministerium.jpg
Pre-war ministry on Wilhelmplatz, Berlin, 1930s

Fiscal policy in the German Empire was predominantly the domain of the various states responsible for all direct taxation according to the 1833 Zollverein treaties. The federal government merely received indirect contributions from the states. Matters of fiscal policy at the federal level initially was the exclusive responsibility of the German Chancellery under Otto von Bismarck. However, in 1877 a special finance department was established, which with effect from 14 July 1879 was separated from the chancellery as the Imperial Treasury (Reichsschatzamt), a federal agency in its own right. With its seat vis-à-vis on Wilhelmplatz in Berlin, it was first headed by a subsecretary, and from 1880 by a Secretary of State only answerable to the chancellor.Шаблон:Citation needed

After World War I, the newly established Weimar Republic had to face huge reparations and a fiscal emergency. To cope with the implications, the former Reichsschatzamt in 1919 was re-organised as a federal ministry, the Reichsministerium der Finanzen, as supreme financial authority headed by a federal minister. Besides a Reich Treasury Ministry (Reichsschatzministerium) was established for the administration of the federal property, both agencies were merged in 1923.Шаблон:Citation needed

Already in the German cabinet of Chancellor Franz von Papen, Undersecretary Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk was appointed Finance Minister in 1932, an office he held throughout the Nazi era until 1945. The ministry played a vital role in financing the German re-armament, in the "Aryanization" of Jewish property ("Reich Flight Tax"), German war economy, and the plundering of occupied countries in World War II. The budget deficit had already reached heady heights on the eve of the war, aggrandised by hidden Mefo and Oeffa bill financing. In turn, saving banks and credit institutions were obliged to sign war bonds while price stability was enforced by government intervention and the German public was called up to bank surplus money.Шаблон:Citation needed

After World War II the ministry was re-established in 1949 and renamed the West German Bundesministerium der Finanzen.[1] Since 1999, the Detlev-Rohwedder-Haus (former Air Ministry Building) in Berlin has been the headquarters of the ministry.Шаблон:Citation needed

During the period of Reunification in the 1990s', the Ministry of Finance headed by Theo Waigel, refused to return eight buildings in East Germany belonging to six Austrian Jewish citizens / NS victims. Allgemeine Judische Wochenzeitung; 10 September 1992; "Expropriation through the back door; German Government adds to its coffers / Loopholes in German bureaucracy make Injustice permanent." ("Enteignung durch die Hintertur; Der Bund bereichert sich / Winkelzuge deutscher Burocratie schreiben Unrecht fest").

Structure and function

Файл:2020-02-14 Christian Lindner (Bundestagsprojekt 2020) by Sandro Halank–2.jpg
Minister Christian Lindner

The Ministry is the supreme federal authority in revenue administration and governs a number of subordinate federal, intermediate, and local authorities such as the Federal Centre for Data Processing and Information Technology (ZIVIT). The Ministry's wider portfolio includes public-law agencies and corporations such as the Federal Finance Regulator (BaFin) and Real Estate regulatory bodies. The finance minister is the only cabinet minister who can veto a decision of the government if it would lead to additional expenditure. The German newspaper FAZ stated, the Ministry of Finance is the most important Ministry in the German government.[2]

The Finance Ministry is responsible for all aspects of tax and revenue policy in Germany and plays a significant role in European Union policy. It has nine directorates-general:[3]

  • Directorate-General Z (Central Services): Deals with all ministerial organizational matters, including human resources, IT, occupational training, management, and administration
  • Directorate-General L (Leading, Strategy and communication): Coordinates strategy development and policy planning to advance decision-making processes, also manages the ministry's relations with the parliament and federal cabinet
  • Directorate-General I (Fiscal and Macroeconomic Affairs): Determines the strategic focus of the Ministry's fiscal policy instruments, forecasts public budget trends and conducts macroeconomic research
  • Directorate-General II (Federal Budget): Responsible for drawing up the federal budget by calculating revenue and spending for each government policy area.
  • Directorate-General III (Customs and Excise): Responsible for levying customs and excise duties, as well as for monitoring cross-border goods traffic.
  • Directorate-General IV (Taxation): Together with the other member states of the EU, the Ministry works to improve coordination among the different systems of taxes.
  • Directorate-General V (Financial Relations and Law): Coordinates financial relations between central, regional and local governments. Also responsible for public law, legal affairs, and handling proceedings before Germany's Federal Constitutional Court and the European courts. Furthermore, this directorate-general deals with settlement of war burdens, compensation for National Socialist injustices, and unresolved property issues in eastern Germany
  • Directorate-General VII (Financial Market Policy): Manages the federal debt, including issuance of securities for financial markets and private investors which ensure the budgeted volume of credit is obtained when needed and at market rates. Also responsible for the Bundesbank and the European Central Bank. Shapes the legal framework for financial markets through its capital market policy and exercises legal supervision over the German financial watchdog agency BaFin.
  • Directorate-General VIII (Privatisation): Sets the policy for managing state holdings which is then undertaken by individual government departments. Operates a real estate institute that markets properties that the German Government no longer needs, and operates standardised facility management for federal properties.
  • Directorate-General E (European Policy): Responsible for coordinating the German Government's European economic and financial policy under the EU Treaty.

Subordinate agencies

Файл:Detlev-Rohwedder-Haus Berlin.jpg
Detlev-Rohwedder-Haus, Berlin headquarters
Файл:Bundesfinanzministerium Bonn Eingang 2008a.jpg
Entrance to the headquarters in Bonn

The federal ministry directly governs the following agencies:[4]

  • Higher federal authorities
    • Federal Central Tax Office (BZSt)
    • Federal Office of Central Services and Unresolved Property Issues (BADV)
    • Federal Equalisation of Burdens Office (BAA)
    • Federal Spirits Monopoly Administration (BfB)
  • Intermediate and local authorities
  • Other agencies
    • Centre for Data Processing and Information Technology (ZIVIT)
    • Training and Knowledge Centre (BWZ)

Legally independent entities in the Ministry's wider portfolio include:

Federal Ministers of Finance

Шаблон:Main article

Political Party: Шаблон:Legend2 Шаблон:Legend2 Шаблон:Legend2 Шаблон:Legend2

Name
(Born-Died)
Portrait Party Term of Office Chancellor
(Cabinet)
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;color:white;" | 1 Fritz Schäffer
(1888–1967)
Файл:KAS-Schäffer, Fritz-Bild-395-1 (cropped).jpg CSU 20 September 1949 29 October 1957 Adenauer
(I • II)
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;color:white;" |2 Franz Etzel
(1902–1970)
Файл:KAS-Etzel, Franz-Bild-638-1 (cropped).jpg CDU 29 October 1957 14 November 1961 Adenauer
(III)
style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:blue;" | 3 Heinz Starke
(1911–2001)
FDP 14 November 1961 19 November 1962 Adenauer
(IV)
style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:blue;" | 4 Rolf Dahlgrün
(1908–1969)
Файл:Dahlgrün, Rolf cropped (Kiel 77.423).jpg FDP 14 December 1962 28 October 1966 Adenauer (V)
Erhard (I • II)
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;color:white;" | 5 Kurt Schmücker
(1919–1996)
Файл:Kurt Schmücker1.jpg CDU 8 November 1966 30 November 1966 Erhard
(II)
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;color:white;" | 6 Franz Josef Strauß
(1915–1988)
Файл:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F023363-0016, Empfang in der Landesvertretung, Franz Josef Strauß (cropped).jpg CSU 1 December 1966 21 October 1969 Kiesinger
(I)
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;color:white;" | 7 Alex Möller
(1903–1985)
Файл:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F039419-0010, Hannover, SPD-Bundesparteitag, Möller (cropped).jpg SPD 22 October 1969 13 May 1971 Brandt
(I)
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;color:white;" | 8 Karl Schiller
(1911–1994)
Файл:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F029983-0017, Bonn, SPD-Pressekonferenz, Karl Schiller (crop).jpg SPD 13 May 1971 7 July 1972
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;color:white;" | 9 Helmut Schmidt
(1918–2015)
Файл:Bundeskanzler Helmut Schmidt.jpg SPD 7 July 1972 1 May 1974 Brandt
(III)
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;color:white;" | 10 Hans Apel
(1932–2011)
Файл:Verteidigungsminister Dr. Hans Apel (4909219537).jpg SPD 16 May 1974 15 February 1978 Schmidt
(I • II)
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;color:white;" | 11 Hans Matthöfer
(1925–2009)
Файл:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F060860-0013, Bonn, Sitzung Bundesrat, Matthöfer (cropped).jpg SPD 16 February 1978 28 April 1982 Schmidt
(II • III)
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;color:white;" | 12 Manfred Lahnstein
(b. 1937)
Файл:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F064991-0014, Bonn, SPD-Pressekonferenz, Manfred Lahnstein (cropped).jpg SPD 28 April 1982 1 October 1982 Schmidt
(III)
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;color:white;" | 13 Gerhard Stoltenberg
(1928–2001)
Файл:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F082409-0032, Bremen, CDU-Bundesparteitag, Stoltenberg (cropped).jpg CDU 4 October 1982 21 April 1989 Kohl
(IIIIII)
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;color:white;" | 14 Theodor Waigel
(b. 1939)
Файл:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F074462-0012, Bonn, Pressekonferenz Koalitionsverhandlungen (cropped).jpg CSU 21 April 1989 27 October 1998 Kohl
(IIIIVV)
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;color:white;" | 15 Oskar Lafontaine
(b. 1943)
Файл:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F079276-0010 Lafontaine (cropped).jpg SPD 27 October 1998 18 March 1999 Schröder
(I)
Шаблон:Small
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;color:white;" | 16 Hans Eichel
(b. 1941)
Файл:2015-12 Hans Eichel SPD Bundesparteitag by Olaf Kosinsky-12 (cropped).jpg SPD 12 April 1999 22 November 2005 Schröder
(III)
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;color:white;" | 17 Peer Steinbrück
(b. 1947)
Файл:Next Peer Steinbrück (SPD) (cropped).jpg SPD 22 November 2005 28 October 2009 Merkel
(I)
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;color:white;" |18 Wolfgang Schäuble
(1942-2023)
Файл:Wolfgang Schäuble - 2017 (cropped).jpg CDU 28 October 2009 24 October 2017 Merkel
(IIIII)
Шаблон:Small
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;color:white;" | 19 Olaf Scholz
(b. 1958)
Файл:Olaf Scholz, 15-12-2022 (1) (cropped).jpg SPD 14 March 2018 8 December 2021 Merkel
(IV)
style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:blue;" | 20 Christian Lindner
(b. 1979)
Файл:2020-02-14 Christian Lindner (Bundestagsprojekt 2020) by Sandro Halank–2.jpg FDP 8 December 2021 Incumbent Scholz
(Scholz)

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:German Federal Ministries

Шаблон:German federal financial administration Шаблон:Finance Ministers of Germany

Шаблон:Authority control