Английская Википедия:Fluoropolymer
Шаблон:Short description A fluoropolymer is a fluorocarbon-based polymer with multiple carbon–fluorine bonds. It is characterized by a high resistance to solvents, acids, and bases. The best known fluoropolymer is polytetrafluoroethylene under the brand name "Teflon," trademarked by the DuPont Company.
History
In 1938, polytetrafluoroethylene (DuPont brand name Teflon) was discovered by accident by a recently hired DuPont Ph.D., Roy J. Plunkett. While working with tetrafluoroethylene gas to develop refrigerants, he noticed that a previously pressurized cylinder had no pressure remaining. In dissecting the cylinder, he found a mass of white solid in a quantity similar to that of the tetrafluoroethylene gas. It was determined that this material was a new-to-the-world polymer. Tests showed the substance was resistant to corrosion from most acids, bases and solvents and had better high temperature stability than any other plastic. By early 1941, a crash program was making substantial quantities of PTFE for the Manhattan Project.[1][2][3][4]
Properties
Fluoropolymers share the properties of fluorocarbons in that they are not as susceptible to the van der Waals force as hydrocarbons. This contributes to their non-stick and friction reducing properties. Also, they are stable due to the stability multiple carbon–fluorine bonds add to a chemical compound. Fluoropolymers may be mechanically characterized as thermosets or thermoplastics. Fluoropolymers can be homopolymers or Copolymer. Шаблон:Citation needed
Examples of monomers used to prepare fluoropolymers
- Perfluorocycloalkene (PFCA)
- Ethylene (Ethane) (E)
- Vinyl fluoride (fluoroethylene) (VF1)
- Vinylidene fluoride (1,1-difluoroethylene) (VDF or VF2)
- Tetrafluoroethylene (TFE)
- Chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE)
- Propylene (P)
- Hexafluoropropylene (HFP)
- Perfluoropropylvinylether (PPVE)
- Perfluoromethylvinylether (PMVE)
Examples of fluoropolymers
| Fluoropolymer | Trade names | Monomers | Melting point (°C) |
|---|---|---|---|
| PVF (polyvinylfluoride) | Tedlar[5] | VF1 | 200[6] |
| PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) | Kynar[7] Solef[8] Hylar[9] | VF2 | 175 |
| PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) | Sold by AGC under the tradename Fluon PTFE; Sold by Dupont and Chemours Company under the tradename Teflon; sold by Solvay Specialty Polymers under the tradenames Algoflon Hyflon and Polymist; sold by Daikin under the tradename Polyflon | TFE | 327 |
| PCTFE (polychlorotrifluoroethylene) | Kel-F (3M), Neoflon (Daikin), Voltalef [10](Arkema) | CTFE | 220[6] |
| PFA, MFA[11] (perfluoroalkoxy polymer) | Sold by AGC under the tradename Fluon PFA. Sold by DuPont under the tradename Teflon-PFA. Sold by Solvay Specialty Polymers under the tradename Hyflon.[12] Neoflon (Daikin) | PPVE + TFE | 305 |
| FEP (fluorinated ethylene-propylene) | Sold by DuPont under the tradename Teflon FEP. Also known as Neoflon (Daikin) and Hyflon | HFP + TFE | 260 |
| ETFE (polyethylenetetrafluoroethylene) | Sold by AGC under the trade name of FluonETFE[13] Tefzel,;[14] sold by Daikin under the tradename Neoflon | TFE + E | 265 |
| ECTFE (polyethylenechlorotrifluoroethylene) | Halar[15] sold by Solvay Specialty Polymers | CTFE + E | |
| FFPM/FFKM (Perfluorinated Elastomer [Perfluoroelastomer]) | Kalrez.[16] Tecnoflon PFR[17] DAI-EL (Daikin) | ||
| FPM/FKM (Fluoroelastomer [Vinylidene Fluoride based copolymers]) | Viton,[18] Tecnoflon FKM, DAI-EL (Daikin), Fluonox (Gujarat Fluorochemicals Limited) | ||
| FEPM (Fluoroelastomer [Tetrafluoroethylene-Propylene]) | Sold by AGC under the trade name of AFLAS,[19] | TFE + P | |
| PFPE (Perfluoropolyether) | Sold by DuPont under the tradename Krytox.[20] Sold by Solvay Specialty Polymers S.p.A. as Fomblin and Galden | ||
| PFSA (Perfluorosulfonic acid) | Nafion | ||
| Perfluoropolyoxetane |
Typical properties
| Property | Method No. | Units | PTFE | FEP | PFA | ETFE | ECTFE | PCTFE | PVDF |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Specific gravity | D792 | - | 2.17 | 2.15 | 2.15 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 2.15 | 1.78 |
| Yield strength | D638 | MPa | 10 | 12 | 15.5 | 24 | 31 | 40 | 46 |
| Yield strength | D638 | PSI | 1,450 | 1,740 | 2,250 | 3,480 | 4,500 | 5,800 | 6,670 |
| Elongation | % | 200-500 | 250-350 | 300 | 200-500 | 200-300 | 80-250 | 20-150 | |
| Tensile modulus | D638 | MPa | 600 | 500 | 700 | 1500 | 1655 | 1500 | 2400 |
| Tensile modulus | D638 | ksi | 87 | 72.5 | 101.5 | 217.5 | 240 | 218 | 348 |
| Hardness | D2240 | Shore D | 60 | 57 | 62 | 75 | 75 | 90 | 79 |
| HDT, @ 66 PSI | D648 | °F | 250 | 158 | 164 | 219 | 240 | 248 | 300 |
| HDT, @ 264 PSI | D648 | °F | 122 | 129 | 118 | 160 | 169 | - | 239 |
| Limiting oxygen index | D2863 | % | >95 | >95 | >95 | 30-36 | |||
| Dielectric constant | D150 | 1 MHz | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.6 |
See also
References
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Tedlar is a registered trademark of DuPont
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Kynar is a registered trademark of Arkema, Inc.
- ↑ Solef is a registered trademark of Solvay specialty polymers S.p.A.
- ↑ Hylar is a registered trademark of Solvay specialty polymers S.p.A.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Hyflon is a registered trademark of Solvay Solexis S.p.A.
- ↑ Fluon is a registered trademark of Asahi Glass Company
- ↑ Tefzel is a registered trademark of DuPont
- ↑ Halar is a registered trademark of Solvay Solexis S.p.A.
- ↑ Kalrez is a registered trademark of DuPont
- ↑ Tecnoflon is a registered trademark of Solvay Solexis S.p.A.
- ↑ Viton is a registered trademark of DuPont
- ↑ AFLAS is a registered trademark of AGC(Asahi Glass Co, Ltd.)
- ↑ Krytox is a registered trademark of DuPont
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
