Английская Википедия:Forbes Creek (Washington)

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Шаблон:Infobox river

Forbes Creek is a small, moderately sloping creek wholly within the city of Kirkland, Washington.Шаблон:Sfn From its headwaters on the Rose Hill moraine to its outlet at Juanita Bay is Шаблон:Circa Шаблон:Convert as the crow flies. The northern extent of its basin is a nearly east–west line at NE 116th Street; the eastern boundary is at the Rose Hill ridgeline, roughly north–south at 132nd Avenue NE. The southern extent is irregular trending roughly from Kirkland's high point at the northeast corner of Bridle Trails State Park (Шаблон:Convert, Шаблон:Coord[1]) through South Rose Hill Park, to Lake Washington at Шаблон:Convert above sea level.Шаблон:Sfn

Two major branches of the creek rise on Rose Hill between NE 70th Street and NE 85th Street and then run south to north on Rose Hill. One rises in the vicinity of Lake Washington High School and runs north past Costco #008 to Forbes Lake. The other rises slightly to the east in the vicinity of Rose Hill Elementary School then through North Rose Hill Woodlands Park. The two join north of the lake then run west through a two-meter culvert under Interstate 405 near NE 100th Street,[2] under the Cross Kirkland Corridor, into the Forbes Creek Valley and Juanita Bay Wetlands Park. The creek finally empties into Lake Washington at Juanita Bay, less than a kilometer from the mouth of Juanita Creek which empties into the same bay.

Watershed and wetlands

The Forbes Creek watershed is a Шаблон:Convert drainage basin covering a quarter of Kirkland's total land area.Шаблон:Sfn Forbes Creek empties into Lake Washington in the neighborhood of Juanita. Twenty two wetlands exist in the basin, comprising the greatest number and area of wetlands of any creek in Kirkland (there are no rivers).Шаблон:Sfn

Plant species

Invasive plant species including Himalayan blackberry are present in Kirkland's watersheds.Шаблон:Sfn Introduced (possibly cultivated) European cranberry grows around Forbes Lake.

Ice age creation

The landforms and hydrology of the Eastside, including Forbes Creek, are due to the ice age glaciation. Forbes Creek watershed displays every aspect of typical Eastside moraines described by Harvey Manning and Ira Spring, as an "'unorganized' geography on glacial moraine with bogs and creeks reaching lake level".Шаблон:Sfn

Forbes Lake

Forbes Lake (Шаблон:Coord) is a Шаблон:Convert, Шаблон:Convert deep kettle lake[3][4] at elevation Шаблон:Convert above sea level.[5] The city is developing areas around the lake under a Forbes Lake Trail and Park Improvements Project of Шаблон:Convert. Wildlife in the area includes frogs and turtles in the lake; raptor bird species including hawks and bald eagles which use the tall trees around the lake; aquatic birds using the lake and surrounding wetlands include ducks and great blue herons; and mammals such as beaver, deer, and coyotes.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Panorama

Naming

Файл:Forbes House southeast corner.jpg
The second Forbes House, built 1905

Forbes Lake is named for the Шаблон:Vanchor of settlers. Dorr Forbes, a Civil War veteran with 33rd Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment, from La Moille, Illinois,[6] and his wife Eliza established a farm on the lake in 1882, growing cranberries.[7] The farming was ruined by beavers and the family sold the land which later became the steel mill site (see below). The family also had a shingle mill on Juanita Creek,[8] and a home on Juanita Bay, built in the 1870s in Madison Park, Seattle and moved across the lake by barge or boat to what is now Juanita Beach Park.Шаблон:Sfn It was rebuilt in 1905.[9]

Steel mill

Forbes Lake was the site of the Kirkland Steel Mill, built by the city's founder Peter Kirk, but it never produced any steel. The enterprise folded in the Panic of 1893.Шаблон:Sfn

Juanita Bay Park

Файл:Juanita Bay owl.jpg
Owl in Juanita Bay Park

The wetlands where Forbes Creek enters Lake Washington are Juanita Bay Park, Kirkland's largest city park at Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn[10] A Duwamish village was located there prior to 1830, and wapato tubers harvested in the wetlands.Шаблон:Sfn[11] Inhabitants include large numbers of year-round and overwintering birds, including osprey, owls, bald eagles, herons and woodpeckers. As many as 1,600 birds have been counted at once in the park.Шаблон:Sfn The park also is home to many mammal species including beaver, muskrat, nutria, raccoon, river otter, weasel, and coyote.Шаблон:Sfn

The Forbes Creek wetlands are noted as prime urban birdwatching areas by The National Geographic Society, Reader's Digest, and many Pacific Northwest guidebooks.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

The Juanita Bridge, built in 1891 and rebuilt in 1932, carried Market Street wagon traffic, later automobile traffic, across the wetland. It was converted to pedestrian-only use in 1974 when a new bridge was built slightly to the east.[12][13]

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

External links

Шаблон:Commons category

Шаблон:Authority control

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Peakbagger не указан текст
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
  4. ↑ "A Gift from the Ice Age" interpretive sign, City of Kirkland, 120th Avenue public access on southwest corner of lake.
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Gnis
  6. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Civil War database не указан текст
  7. ↑ https://www.kirklandwa.gov/files/sharedassets/public/parks-amp-comm-services/online-parks-guide/pdfs/juanitabeachpark_history.pdf
  8. ↑ Juanita "remember when" map 1900-1918, derived from records and oral history, at Kirkland branch map file, King County Library System
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
  11. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок McDonald2011 не указан текст
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
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