Английская Википедия:Foreign relations of Lebanon
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Politics of Lebanon The foreign policy of Lebanon reflects its geographic location, the composition of its population, and its reliance on commerce and trade. Until 2005, Lebanon's foreign policy had been heavily influenced by Syria, however beginning with the formation of Hezbollah in 1982, Iran had gradually grown to heavily influence Lebanon.[1][2]
The framework for relations was first codified in May 1991, when Lebanon and Syria signed a treaty of mutual cooperation. This treaty came out of the Taif Agreement, which stipulated that "Lebanon is linked to Syria by distinctive ties deriving strength from kinship, history, and common interests." The Lebanese-Syria treaty calls for "coordination and cooperation between the two countries" that would serve the "interests of the two countries within the framework of sovereignty and independence of each." Numerous agreements on political, economic, and security. After Syria's military withdrawal in 2005, Lebanon's foreign policy charted a more independent course.
Diplomatic relations
List of countries which Lebanon maintains diplomatic relations with:
Файл:Diplomatic relations of Lebanon.svg | ||
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# | Country | Date |
1 | Шаблон:Flag | 27 March 1942[3] |
2 | Шаблон:Flag | 24 February 1944[4] |
3 | Шаблон:Flag | 9 April 1944[5] |
4 | Шаблон:Flag | 1 August 1944[6] |
5 | Шаблон:Flag | 3 August 1944[7] |
6 | Шаблон:Flag | 21 September 1944[8] |
7 | Шаблон:Flag | 16 November 1944[9] |
8 | Шаблон:Flag | 25 November 1944[10] |
9 | Шаблон:Flag | 25 November 1944[11] |
10 | Шаблон:Flag | 30 November 1944[12] |
11 | Шаблон:Flag | 12 June 1945[13] |
12 | Шаблон:Flag | 28 June 1945[14][15] |
13 | Шаблон:Flag | 25 October 1945[16] |
14 | Шаблон:Flag | 13 November 1945[17] |
15 | Шаблон:Flag | 22 November 1945[18] |
16 | Шаблон:Flag | 27 February 1946[19] |
17 | Шаблон:Flag | 8 March 1946[20] |
18 | Шаблон:Flag | 30 April 1946[21] |
19 | Шаблон:Flag | 18 May 1946[22] |
20 | Шаблон:Flag | 10 July 1946[23] |
21 | Шаблон:Flag | 21 September 1946[24] |
22 | Шаблон:Flag | 1 October 1946[25] |
23 | Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts[26] |
24 | Шаблон:Flag | 20 November 1946[27] |
— | Шаблон:Flag | 17 March 1947[28] |
25 | Шаблон:Flag | 17 June 1947[29] |
26 | Шаблон:Flag | 7 February 1946[30] |
27 | Шаблон:Flag | 5 March 1948[31] |
28 | Шаблон:Flag | 10 August 1948[32] |
29 | Шаблон:Flag | August 1948[33] |
30 | Шаблон:Flag | 15 September 1948[34] |
31 | Шаблон:Flag | 15 September 1948[35] |
32 | Шаблон:Flag | 15 September 1948[36] |
33 | Шаблон:Flag | 29 October 1948[37] |
34 | Шаблон:Flag | 28 May 1949[38][39] |
35 | Шаблон:Flag | 31 July 1949[40] |
36 | Шаблон:Flag | 1949[41] |
37 | Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts[42] |
38 | Шаблон:Flag | 12 May 1950[43] |
39 | Шаблон:Flag | 12 October 1950[44] |
40 | Шаблон:Flag | 21 November 1950[45] |
41 | Шаблон:Flag | 1 January 1951[46] |
42 | Шаблон:Flag | 16 January 1951[47] |
43 | Шаблон:Flag | 6 December 1951[48] |
44 | Шаблон:Flag | 29 July 1952 |
45 | Шаблон:Flag | 20 May 1953[49] |
46 | Шаблон:Flag | 6 October 1953[50] |
47 | Шаблон:Flag | 1953[51] |
48 | Шаблон:Flag | 21 June 1954[52] |
49 | Шаблон:Flag | 26 August 1954[53] |
50 | Шаблон:Flag | November 1954[54] |
— | Шаблон:Flag | 1955[55] |
51 | Шаблон:Flag | 1955[56] |
52 | Шаблон:Flag | 1956[57] |
53 | Шаблон:Flag | 1956[58] |
54 | Шаблон:Flag | 1957[59] |
55 | Шаблон:Flag | 3 February 1958[60] |
56 | Шаблон:Flag | 30 March 1959[61][62] |
57 | Шаблон:Flag | 21 May 1959[63] |
58 | Шаблон:Flag | 3 June 1960[64] |
59 | Шаблон:Flag | 15 June 1960[65] |
60 | Шаблон:Flag | 20 September 1960[66] |
61 | Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Date table sorting[67] |
62 | Шаблон:Flag | 8 January 1961[68] |
63 | Шаблон:Flag | 22 April 1961[69] |
64 | Шаблон:Flag | 27 April 1961[70] |
65 | Шаблон:Flag | 27 September 1961[71] |
66 | Шаблон:Flag | 4 October 1961[72] |
67 | Шаблон:Flag | 6 October 1961[73] |
68 | Шаблон:Flag | 9 October 1961[74] |
69 | Шаблон:Flag | 11 March 1962[75] |
70 | Шаблон:Flag | 7 June 1962[76] |
71 | Шаблон:Flag | 27 June 1962[77] |
72 | Шаблон:Flag | 18 December 1962[78] |
73 | Шаблон:Flag | 1962[79] |
74 | Шаблон:Flag | 1962[80] |
75 | Шаблон:Flag | 1962[81] |
76 | Шаблон:Flag | 7 May 1963[82] |
77 | Шаблон:Flag | 15 July 1963[83] |
78 | Шаблон:Flag | 16 July 1963[84] |
79 | Шаблон:Flag | 18 August 1963[85] |
80 | Шаблон:Flag | 1963[86] |
81 | Шаблон:Flag | 1963[87] |
82 | Шаблон:Flag | 6 January 1965[88] |
83 | Шаблон:Flag | 24 May 1965[89] |
84 | Шаблон:Flag | 30 November 1965[90] |
85 | Шаблон:Flag | 19 September 1966[91] |
86 | Шаблон:Flag | 1966[92] |
87 | Шаблон:Flag | 3 February 1967[93] |
88 | Шаблон:Flag | 5 February 1967[94] |
89 | Шаблон:Flag | 16 August 1967[95] |
90 | Шаблон:Flag | 3 May 1969[96] |
91 | Шаблон:Flag | 10 June 1971[97] |
92 | Шаблон:Flag | 9 November 1971[98] |
93 | Шаблон:Flag | 8 January 1972[99] |
94 | Шаблон:Flag | 11 April 1972[100] |
95 | Шаблон:Flag | 29 May 1972[101] |
96 | Шаблон:Flag | June 1972[102] |
97 | Шаблон:Flag | 2 January 1973[103] |
98 | Шаблон:Flag | 28 March 1973[104] |
99 | Шаблон:Flag | 28 March 1973[105] |
100 | Шаблон:Flag | 28 May 1974[106] |
101 | Шаблон:Flag | 12 December 1974[107] |
102 | Шаблон:Flag | 1 July 1975[108] |
103 | Шаблон:Flag | 25 November 1980[109] |
104 | Шаблон:Flag | 12 February 1981[110] |
105 | Шаблон:Flag | 12 February 1981[111] |
106 | Шаблон:Flag | 12 February 1981[112] |
107 | Шаблон:Flag | 11 March 1981[113] |
108 | Шаблон:Flag | 25 February 1988[114] |
109 | Шаблон:Flag | 31 January 1990[115] |
110 | Шаблон:Flag | 4 March 1992[116] |
111 | Шаблон:Flag | 28 September 1992[117] |
112 | Шаблон:Flag | 14 December 1992[118] |
113 | Шаблон:Flag | 1 January 1993[119] |
114 | Шаблон:Flag | 18 March 1993[120] |
115 | Шаблон:Flag | 1 April 1993[121] |
116 | Шаблон:Flag | 20 April 1993[122] |
117 | Шаблон:Flag | 6 May 1993[123] |
118 | Шаблон:Flag | 29 July 1993[124] |
119 | Шаблон:Flag | 3 September 1993[125] |
120 | Шаблон:Flag | 18 May 1994[126] |
121 | Шаблон:Flag | 8 June 1994[127] |
122 | Шаблон:Flag | 5 December 1994[128] |
123 | Шаблон:Flag | 2 March 1995[129] |
124 | Шаблон:Flag | 26 April 1995[130] |
125 | Шаблон:Flag | 22 June 1995[131] |
126 | Шаблон:Flag | 18 November 1995[132] |
127 | Шаблон:Flag | 21 March 1996[133] |
128 | Шаблон:Flag | 21 June 1996[134] |
129 | Шаблон:Flag | 3 July 1996[135] |
130 | Шаблон:Flag | 7 May 1997[136] |
131 | Шаблон:Flag | 16 January 1998[137] |
132 | Шаблон:Flag | 5 February 1998[138] |
133 | Шаблон:Flag | 20 April 1998[139] |
134 | Шаблон:Flag | 22 October 1998[140] |
135 | Шаблон:Flag | 24 March 1999[141] |
136 | Шаблон:Flag | 9 June 2000[142] |
137 | Шаблон:Flag | 12 April 2001[143] |
138 | Шаблон:Flag | 29 June 2001[144] |
139 | Шаблон:Flag | 3 September 2001[145] |
140 | Шаблон:Flag | April 2005[146] |
141 | Шаблон:Flag | 1 September 2005[147] |
142 | Шаблон:Flag | 24 August 2007[148] |
143 | Шаблон:Flag | 25 September 2007[149] |
144 | Шаблон:Flag | 15 October 2008[150][151] |
145 | Шаблон:Flag | 21 November 2008[152] |
146 | Шаблон:Flag | 4 December 2008[153] |
147 | Шаблон:Flag | 10 October 2010[154] |
— | Шаблон:Flag | 17 August 2011[155] |
148 | Шаблон:Flag | 5 November 2012[156] |
149 | Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts[157] |
150 | Шаблон:Flag | 21 April 2017[158] |
151 | Шаблон:Flag | April 2017[159] |
152 | Шаблон:Flag | 5 May 2017[160] |
153 | Шаблон:Flag | 29 June 2017[161] |
154 | Шаблон:Flag | 18 October 2017[162] |
155 | Шаблон:Flag | Шаблон:Dts[163] |
156 | Шаблон:Flag | 5 March 2019[164] |
157 | Шаблон:Flag | 25 September 2019[165] |
158 | Шаблон:Flag | 26 September 2019[166] |
159 | Шаблон:Flag | 20 October 2020[167] |
160 | Шаблон:Flag | 20 May 2021[168] |
161 | Шаблон:Flag | 29 March 2022[169] |
Bilateral relations
Africa
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Шаблон:Flag | 18 December 1962 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 December 1962 when has been accredited first Ambassador of Lebanon to Algeria Mr Hussein El Jissr.[78] |
Шаблон:Flag | 27 June 1962 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 June 1962 when first ambassador of Lebanon to Dahomey presented his credentials to President Hubert Maga.[77] |
Шаблон:Flag | 1962 | Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1962 when has been accredited Ambassador of Lebanon to Cameroon with residence in Dakar M. Mohamed Ali Hamade.[80] |
Шаблон:Flag | 1966 | Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1966 when has been accredited Ambassador of Lebanon to Central African Republic (resident in Accra) M. Khalil Itani.[92] |
Шаблон:Flag | 4 October 1961[72] |
Approximately 100,000 people of Lebanese origin reside in Côte d'Ivoire. 21 April 1961 established Embassy of Lebanon in Abidjan
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Шаблон:Flag | June 1972 |
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Шаблон:Flag | 11 March 1981 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 March 1981 when first Ambassador of Lebanon to Djibouti (resident in Khartoum) Mr. Ibrahim Marouche presented his credentials to President M. Hassan Gouled Aptidon.[113] |
Шаблон:Flag | 30 November 1944 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 November 1944 when was opened Legation of Lebanon in Cairo.[12]
Severed diplomatic relations 26 April 1979, restored 28 June 1989.
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Шаблон:Flag | 31 July 1949 | 31 July 1949 was accredited first Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Ethiopia to Lebanon Mr. Fitaorari Tafesse Habte Mikael[40]
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Шаблон:Flag | 1962 | Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1962 when Ambassador of Lebanon to Gabon M. Mohamed Ali Hamade presented his credentials to President Leon Mba.[81] |
Шаблон:Flag | 24 May 1965 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 May 1965[89] |
Шаблон:Flag | 30 March 1959 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 March 1959.[61][62]
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Шаблон:Flag | 3 June 1960 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 June 1960 when Lebanese Government appointed its Minister to Liberia to be Minister to Guinea as well.[64]
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Шаблон:Flag | 20 October 2020 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 October 2020 when Ambassador of Lebanon to Guinea-Bissau Mr. Fadi Zein has presented his credentials to President Ùmaro El Mokhtar Sissoco Embaló.[167] |
Шаблон:Flag | 1 January 1951 | Both countries established diplomatic relations when Liberian and Lebanese Governments to raise their Consulates General to the status of Legations, and a proclamation was issued announcing that the change would take effect from 1 January 1951.[46] In 1957 both countries raise their Legations to status of Embassies[170] |
Шаблон:Flag | 1955 | |
Шаблон:Flag | 18 October 2017 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 October 2017 when ambassador of Malawi Mrs. Caroline Bwanali Mussa, has presented his credentials to President of Lebanon Michel Aoun.[162] |
Шаблон:Flag | 9 October 1961 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 October 1961 when first Lebanese Ambassador to Mali (resident in Accra) Dr. Karim Azqul presented his credentials to President Modibo Keita.[74] |
Шаблон:Flag | 10 June 1971 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 June 1971[97] |
Шаблон:Flag |
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Шаблон:Flag | 11 March 1962 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 March 1962, when the first Lebanese Ambassador to Niger, Jean Hadji Thomas, presented his credentials to President Hamani Diori[75] |
Шаблон:Flag | 8 January 1961 | 8 January 1961 Lebanese Consulate in Lagos was raised to level Embassy.[68] Nigeria opened its Embassy in Beirut in 1982
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Шаблон:Flag | 21 April 2017 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 April 2017[158] |
Шаблон:Flag | 22 April 1961 |
Approximately 30,000 people of Lebanese origin reside in Senegal. 22 April 1961 Lebanese Consulate General in Dakar was raised to level Embassy[69]
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Шаблон:Flag | 27 April 1961 |
Approximately 30,000 people of Lebanese origin reside in Sierra Leone. 27 April 1961 Lebanese Consulate General in Freetown was raised to status Embassy[70]
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Шаблон:Flag | 6 October 1961 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 October 1961[73] |
Шаблон:Flag | 18 November 1995 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 November 1995[132]
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Шаблон:Flag |
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Шаблон:Flag | 7 June 1962 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 June 1962 when first Ambassador of Lebanon to Togo (resident in Dakar) Mr. Mohammed Ali Hamade presented his credentials.[76] |
Шаблон:Flag |
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Americas
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Шаблон:Flag | 22 November 1945[18] | See Argentina–Lebanon relations
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Шаблон:Flag | 28 May 1949 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 May 1949 when has been accredited Charge d'Affaires of Lebanon to Bolivia (resident in Bogota) Mr. Nazih Lahoud.[38][39] |
Шаблон:Flag | 13 November 1945 | See Brazil–Lebanon relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 November 1945[17]
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Шаблон:Flag | 26 August 1954[53] | See Canada–Lebanon relations
Canada established diplomatic relations with Lebanon in 1954, when Canada deployed "Envoy Extraordinaire" to Beirut. In 1958, Canada sent its first Ambassador. The Embassy was closed in 1985 and reopened in January 1995. Lebanon opened a consulate in Canada in 1946. A Consulate-General replaced the Consulate in 1949, and an embassy was opened in Ottawa in 1958.
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Шаблон:Flag | 28 June 1945 | See Chile–Lebanon relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 June 1945.[14][15]
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Шаблон:Flag | 29 October 1948 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 October 1948.[37]
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Шаблон:Flag | 29 July 1952 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 July 1952, but was broke off in May 1984, re-established on 24 August 2007 |
Шаблон:Flag | 15 June 1960 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 June 1960.[65]
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Шаблон:Flag | 15 September 1948 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 September 1948 when has been accredited Mr. Nazih Lahoud as Minister of Lebanon to Ecuador (Resident in Bogota).[34] |
Шаблон:Flag | 29 July 1952 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 July 1952, but broke off diplomatic relations 10 May 1984, re-established 25 September 2007
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Шаблон:Flag | 16 January 1951 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 January 1951 when in official note approval was granted for Mr. Joseph Aboukater to serve as Extraordinary Envoy and Minister Plenipotentiary of Lebanon to the Government of Honduras, with residence in Mexico.[47] |
Шаблон:Flag | 12 June 1945 | See Lebanon–Mexico relations
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Шаблон:Flag | 30 April 1946 |
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Шаблон:Flag | 12 May 1950 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 May 1950.[43]
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Шаблон:Flag | 1963 | Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1963 when has been accredited Ambassador of Lebanon to Trinidad and Tobago (resident in Caracas) M. Halim Shebaya.[87] |
Шаблон:Flag | 16 November 1944 | See Lebanon–United States relations
The United States' interaction with Lebanon extends back to events such as the 1958 Lebanon crisis, which it sent in troops to fortify the government's position. Lebanon's southern neighbor, Israel, has also sent troops on several occasions, and attacked into Lebanon in response to Hezbollah kidnapping two Israeli soldiers. A possible source of friction between the U.S. and Lebanon is that most of Israel's weaponry is US-made, arguing possible US complicity in Israel's attacks.
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Шаблон:Flag | 25 October 1945 | See Lebanon–Uruguay relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 October 1945[16]
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Шаблон:Flag | 10 July 1946[182] |
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Asia
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Шаблон:Flag | August 1948 | Both countries established diplomatic relations in August 1948 when has been accredited Minister of Afghanistan to Lebanon (Resident in Bagdad) Mr. Ghulam Yahya Tarzi.[33] |
Шаблон:Flag | 4 March 1992 | See Armenia–Lebanon relations
The Embassy of Armenia to Lebanon was opened in June 1994. The Embassy of Lebanon was opened in Yerevan in September 1997. Lebanon is host to the eighth largest Armenian population in the world. During the 2006 Lebanon War, Armenia announced that it would send humanitarian aid to Lebanon. According to the Armenian government, an unspecified amount of medicines, tents and fire-fighting equipment was allocated to Lebanese authorities on July 27, 2006.[183][184] On May 11, 2000, the Lebanese parliament voted to recognize the Armenian genocide.[185] Lebanon is the first Arab country and one of the few countries of the world to have done so. |
Шаблон:Flag | 18 September 1992 | See Azerbaijan–Lebanon relations
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Шаблон:Flag | 29 May 1972 | |
Шаблон:Flag | 28 March 1973 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 March 1973[104] |
Шаблон:Flag | 9 November 1971 | See China–Lebanon relations
China and Lebanon established diplomatic relations on November 1, 1954 and the embassy in Taipei opened in 1957. Lebanon shifted recognition from the Taipei-based Republic to the People's Republic on 9 November 1971.[98] In June 2020, Lebanon was one of 53 countries that backed the Hong Kong national security law at the United Nations.[186] China opened the first Confucius Institute in the Middle East in Lebanon in 2006.[187] |
Шаблон:Flag | 15 September 1948 | See India-Lebanon relations |
Шаблон:Flag | See Indonesia–Lebanon relations | |
Шаблон:Flag | 21 September 1944 | See Iran–Lebanon relations and Iranian influence in Lebanon
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 September 1944.[8] |
Шаблон:Flag | 24 February 1944 | See Iraq–Lebanon relations
Both countries established diplomatic relatiobns on 24 February 1944 when first Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Iraq to Lebanon Mr. Tahsin Kadri presented his credentials as first foreign diplomatic representatives, who presented his letters of credentials to President Lebanon Mr.Bechara Khoury.[4] Lebanon and Iraq share the same language and mutual support for each other in conflicts, Lebanon's relations with Iraq have at most times been cold. Issues include the Lebanese Government's strong material and political assistance of Hezbollah and ongoing clashes in Iraq between the Sunnis and Shias. |
Шаблон:Flag | See Israel–Lebanon relations | |
Шаблон:Flag | November 1954 | In 1954 Legation of Japan opened in Lebanon, in 1957 Legation of Lebanon opened in Tokyo. In 1959 both Legations was upgrades to Embassies |
Шаблон:Flag | 1 October 1946 | See Jordan–Lebanon relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1946 when has been accredited Minister of Transjordan to Lebanon Mr. Mohamed Ali Ajlouni.[25] |
Шаблон:Flag | 20 April 1993 |
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Шаблон:Flag | 27 September 1961[71] |
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Шаблон:Flag | 16 July 1963 | See Lebanon–Malaysia relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 July 1963[84]
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Шаблон:Flag | 15 September 1948 | See Lebanon–Pakistan relations |
Шаблон:Flag | 17 August 2011 | Lebanon and State of Palestine established diplomatic relations on 17 August 2011 when Palestinian diplomatic representation was raised to level an embassy and opened the Embassy of the State of Palestine to the Republic of Lebanon.[155]
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Шаблон:Flag | 11 April 1972 | |
Шаблон:Flag | 9 April 1944 | See Lebanon–Saudi Arabia relations |
Шаблон:Flag | 12 February 1981 | |
Шаблон:Flag | 15 October 2008[151] | See Lebanon–Syria relations 15 October 2008 opened Embassies in both countries
The relationship between these two neighboring countries in Western Asia is complex: Syria has had troops stationed in Lebanon and has exerted political influence in the nation for many years.[191] However, Syria has only officially recognised Lebanon's sovereignty recently.[192] |
Шаблон:Flag | 8 March 1946 | See Lebanon–Turkey relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 March 1946.[20] |
Шаблон:Flag | 8 January 1972 | See Lebanon–United Arab Emirates relations |
Шаблон:Flag | 1953 | Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1953 when has been accredited Minister of Yemen Embassy in Lebanon Dr. Adnan Tarcici.[51] |
Europe
Lebanon concluded negotiations on an association agreement with the European Union in late 2001, and both sides initialed the accord in January 2002, the accord becoming known as the EU-Lebanon Association Agreement. The EU-Lebanon Action Plan from January 19, 2007, gave a new impetus to bilateral relations in the framework of the European Neighborhood Policy.
Lebanon is one of the main Mediterranean beneficiaries of community assistance and the EU through its various instruments is Lebanon's leading donor. Starting from 2007 financial support is channeled through the European Neighborhood Policy Instrument. A Lebanon Country Strategy Paper 2007–2013 and a National Indicative Program 2007–2010 have been adopted by the EU. The assistance provided was refocused after the Second Lebanon War to engage in real help for the government and the society in reconstruction and reform of the country.[193]
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Шаблон:Flag | 6 December 1951 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 December 1951 when has been accredited Minister of Austria to Lebanon (resident in Cairo) M. Robert Friedinger-Pranter.[48] |
Шаблон:Flag | 25 November 1944 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 November 1944 when established Lebanese Legation (Embassy) in Belgium.[11] |
Шаблон:Flag | 19 September 1966 |
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Шаблон:Flag | 6 October 1953 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 October 1953 when was accredited first Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Denmark to Lebanon (resident in Cairo) Mr. G. L. Host[50] |
Шаблон:Flag | 21 June 1954 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 June 1954[197] |
Шаблон:Flag | 25 November 1944 | See France–Lebanon relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 November 1944 when has been appointed Mr. Ahmad Daouk as Minister Plenipotentiary of Lebanon to France. And 25 December 1944 has been opened Lebanese Legation (Embassy) in Paris.[10] In 2007, French President Nicolas Sarkozy ordered ties with Syria to be suspended until proof Damascus was not interfering in the Lebanese political crisis was established.[198] A week after Sarkozy's statement in Cairo, Syrian Foreign Minister Walid al Muallem announced Syria was ceasing their ties with France.[199] "Syria has decided to cease cooperation with France on the Lebanese crisis" said Mouallem. In July 2008, France and Syria decided to open embassies in each other's countries.[200] In April 2009, French and Lebanese officials approved the framework of a security agreement that besides improving bilateral relations include drugs and arms trafficking, illegal immigration and cyber-crime.[201]
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Шаблон:Flag | 20 May 1953 | See Germany–Lebanon relations
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Шаблон:Flag | 17 June 1947 | See Greece–Lebanon relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 June 1947, when first Minister of Greece to Lebanon with residence in Cairo M. Georges Triantaphyllidis presented his credentials[29] The relation between both people dates back to early antiquity, with the early trading activities between the ancient Greeks and the Phoenicians. In modern times, Greek-Lebanese bilateral relations are very good at all levels. Greece has an embassy in Beirut and Lebanon has an embassy in Athens. Both countries are members of the Union for the Mediterranean and the Francophonie.
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Шаблон:Flag | 17 March 1947 | See Holy See–Lebanon relations
The Holy See has played a major role in the peace negotiations of Lebanon. It has sought to unify Christian factions that were separated after the Lebanese civil war. At the same time, it sought to reduce Christian-Muslim tensions and to preserve Christian communities that have been declining in many parts of Lebanon and elsewhere in the Middle East.
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Шаблон:Flag | 30 November 1965 | |
Шаблон:Flag | 12 December 1974 |
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Шаблон:Flag | 20 November 1946 | See Italy–Lebanon relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 November 1946 when has been accredited first Charge d'Affaires of Italy to Lebanon Mr. Adolfo Alessandrini.[27] Lebanon opened a legation in 1946, which was transformed into an embassy in 1955.[203] Both countries signed a Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Navigation in 1949.Шаблон:Citation needed Rome supported the reconstruction of Lebanon after the Taef Agreement.Шаблон:Citation needed Also, Italian companies, from almost all sectors, operate in Lebanon.Шаблон:Citation needed
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Шаблон:Flag | 9 June 2000 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 June 2000 when accredited first Ambassador of Lebanon to Liechtenstein (resident in Berne) Mr. Samir Hobeica[142] |
Шаблон:Flag | 12 October 1950 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 October 1950[44]
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Шаблон:Flag | 20 October 1956 | 1 August 1944 Lebanon established diplomatic relations with Polish Government in exile in London. On October 20, 1956, the government of Lebanon accepted the initiative of the government of the Polish People's Republic regarding the establishment of diplomatic relations at the level of the deputies, which meant simultaneous withdrawal of the recognition of the Polish government in exile.[204]
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Шаблон:Flag | 6 January 1965 | See Lebanon–Romania relations
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Шаблон:Flag | 3 August 1944 | See Lebanon–Russia relations
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Шаблон:Flag | 5 March 1948 | See Lebanon–Spain relations
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Шаблон:Flag | 7 February 1946 |
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Шаблон:Flag | 27 February 1946 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 February 1946 |
Шаблон:Flag | 14 December 1992 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 December 1992 |
Шаблон:Flag | 27 March 1942 | Both countries established full diplomatic relations on 27 March 1942, when General Sir Edward Spears of the United Kingdom presented letters of credence to President Naccache of Lebanon[3]
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Oceania
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Шаблон:Flag | 5 February 1967 | 20 February 1967 opened Australian Embassy in Beirut. It was closed in 1984 because of the security situation in Beirut. The Embassy was formally re-opened on 18 July 1995[208]
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Шаблон:Flag | 26 September 2019 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 September 2019 |
Шаблон:Flag | 25 November 1980 | 25 November 1980 first Lebanese Ambassador to New Zealand with residence in Canberra Mr. Raymond Heneine presented his letters of credentials to Governor General of New Zealand.[109]
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See also
- Constitution of Lebanon
- Lebanese diaspora
- Lebanese identity card
- Lebanese nationality law
- Lebanese passport
- List of diplomatic missions in Lebanon
- List of diplomatic missions of Lebanon
- Politics of Lebanon
- Visa policy of Lebanon
- Visa requirements for Lebanese citizens
References and footnotes
External links
- 1983 Israel-Lebanon agreement
- Embassy of Lebanon in Washington DC
- Amb. Farid Abboud profile The Washington Diplomat serves the diplomatic community with columns focusing on international news and events.
- EU Neighbourhood Info Centre: Country profile of Jordan Шаблон:Webarchive
Representations of foreign nations in Lebanon
- Delegation of the European Commission in Lebanon
- United States Embassy in Beirut, Lebanon
- Farid Abboud: Lebanese Ambassador to Tunisia Шаблон:Webarchive
Шаблон:Foreign relations of Lebanon Шаблон:Foreign relations of Asia
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ https://iranprimer.usip.org/sites/default/files/PDF%20Iran%20Region_Hokayem_Lebanon.pdf, Iran and Lebanon, Emile Hokayem,
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 8,0 8,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 10,0 10,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 11,0 11,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 12,0 12,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 14,0 14,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 15,0 15,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 16,0 16,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 17,0 17,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 18,0 18,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 20,0 20,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 25,0 25,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 27,0 27,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 29,0 29,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 33,0 33,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 34,0 34,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 37,0 37,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 38,0 38,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 39,0 39,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 40,0 40,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 43,0 43,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 44,0 44,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 46,0 46,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 47,0 47,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 48,0 48,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 50,0 50,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 51,0 51,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 53,0 53,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 61,0 61,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 62,0 62,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 64,0 64,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 65,0 65,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 68,0 68,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 69,0 69,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 70,0 70,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 71,0 71,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 72,0 72,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 73,0 73,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 74,0 74,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 75,0 75,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 76,0 76,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 77,0 77,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 78,0 78,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 80,0 80,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 81,0 81,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 84,0 84,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 87,0 87,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 89,0 89,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 91,0 91,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 92,0 92,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 97,0 97,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 98,0 98,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 104,0 104,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 109,0 109,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 113,0 113,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 132,0 132,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 142,0 142,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 151,0 151,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 155,0 155,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 158,0 158,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 162,0 162,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 167,0 167,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Embassy of Argentina in Lebanon
- ↑ Embassy of Lebanon in Argentina
- ↑ Embassy of Brazil in Lebanon
- ↑ Embassy of Lebanon in Brazil
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Embassy of Lebanon in Canada
- ↑ Embassy of Lebanon in Mexico City
- ↑ Embassy of Mexico in Beirut
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Embassy of the United States in Lebanon
- ↑ Embassy of Uruguay in Lebanon
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Armenia To Provide Relief To Lebanon, Armenialiberty.org
- ↑ Armenia Sent Humanitarian Assistance To Lebanon, PanArmenian.Net
- ↑ International Affirmation of the Armenian Genocide, Armenia Foreign Ministry
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Messages to Lebanon Pakistan MOFA
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Ten steps to Syria-Lebanon ties BBC News
- ↑ Republic of Lebanon Шаблон:Webarchive. European Commission: External Relations
- ↑ Bulgarian embassy in Beirut
- ↑ Libanon Danske kontaktoplysninger
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 205,0 205,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web