Английская Википедия:Forest Nenets language
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox language
Forest Nenets is a Samoyedic language spoken in northern Russia, around the Agan, Pur, Lyamin and Nadym rivers, by the Nenets people.[1] It is closely related to the Tundra Nenets language, and the two are still sometimes seen as simply being dialects of a single Nenets language, despite there being low mutual intelligibility between the two.Шаблон:Quantify The next closest relatives are Nganasan and Enets, after them Selkup, and even more distantly the other Uralic languages.
Phonology
Vowels
In stressed syllables, the vowel phonemes of the Forest Nenets dialect are:[2]
In unstressed syllables length is not contrastive, and there are only five vowel qualities: Шаблон:IPA. Word stress is not fixed to a certain position of a root; this leads to alternations of stressed mid vowels with unstressed high vowels. Long vowels are slightly more common than short vowels, though only short vowels occur in monosyllabic words. The short mid vowels Шаблон:IPA are marginal, occurring only in a small number of monosyllabic words and commonly merged into the corresponding high vowels Шаблон:IPA. This is additionally complicated by the short high vowels Шаблон:IPA becoming lowered to Шаблон:IPA before Шаблон:IPA. Because of this, Salminen (2007) argued that the long vowels should be considered the basic and the short vowels the marked phonemes.
Шаблон:IPA and its unstressed counterpart only occur in non-palatal syllables and may be realized as a diphthong Шаблон:IPA or Шаблон:IPA. Short Шаблон:IPA is usually Шаблон:IPA (and is also written as ай, though this spelling also represents the sequence Шаблон:IPA), but alternates with its long counterpart in the same way as the other short vowels.
Some western dialects lack Шаблон:IPA, replacing it with Шаблон:IPA.Шаблон:Verify source
Reduced vowel
Forest Nenets and its sister dialect, Tundra Nenets, have long been thought to have a so-called "reduced vowel". This reduced vowel was thought to have had two distinct qualities depending on whether or not it was subject to stress in the word or not. It has been historically transcribed as Шаблон:Angbr when stressed, representing a reduced variant of an underlying vowel, and as Шаблон:Angbr, representing a reduced variant of Шаблон:IPA, when unstressed. Recent developments indicate, however, that the reduced vowels are in fact short vowels which act as counterparts to their respective long vowels. The transcription Шаблон:Angbr is more properly replaced and represented by Шаблон:Angbr, while Шаблон:Angbr simply represents a short vowel, although this orthography does not delineate its exact phonetic value.[3]
Consonants
Forest Nenets has a system of 24 consonant phonemes:[2]
Voicing is not contrastive, but most consonants contrast palatalization.
A rhotic consonant Шаблон:IPA may appear in recent loanwords. Older Шаблон:IPA, Шаблон:IPA have recently shifted to lateral fricatives Шаблон:IPA, Шаблон:IPA.
The palatalized alveolars Шаблон:IPA, Шаблон:IPA are typically realized as alveolo-palatals Шаблон:IPA, Шаблон:IPA.
Orthography
Nenets is written with an adapted form of Cyrillic, incorporating the supplemental letters Ӈ, ʼ, and ˮ.
| А а
а |
Б б
бе |
В в
ве |
Г г
ге |
Д д
де |
Е е
е |
Ё ё
ё |
Ж ж
же |
| З з
зе |
И и
и |
Й й | К к
ка |
Л л
ел |
М м
ем |
Н н
ен | |
| Ӈ ӈ
еӈ |
О о
о |
П п
пе |
Р р
ер |
С с
ес |
Т т
те |
У у
у |
Ф ф
еф |
| Х х
ха |
Ц ц
це |
Ч ч
че |
Ш ш
ша |
Щ щ
ща |
Ъ ъ
ъ |
Ы ы
ы |
|
| Ь ь
ь |
Э э
э |
Ю ю
ю |
Я я
я |
ʼ | ˮ |
References
