Английская Википедия:Forts in Sri Lanka

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Шаблон:Forts in Sri Lanka map

Forts and fortifications in Sri Lanka date back thousands of years with many being built by Sri Lankan Kings, these include several walled cities. With the out set of colonial rule in the Indian Ocean, Sri Lanka was occupied by several major colonial empires that from time-to-time became the dominant power in the Indian Ocean. The colonists built several western styled forts, mostly in and round the coast of the island. The first to build colonial forts in Sri Lanka were the Portuguese, these forts were captured and later expanded by the Dutch. The British occupied these Dutch forts during the Napoleonic wars.

Most of colonial forts were garrisoned up until the early 20th century. The coastal forts had coastal artillery manned by the Ceylon Garrison Artillery during the two world wars. Most of these were abandoned by the military, but retained civil administrative officers, while others retained military garrisons, which were more administrative than operational. Some were reoccupied by military units with the escalation of the Sri Lankan Civil War, Jaffna fort for example came under siege several times.

Anuradhapura period

Image Name Founded Abandoned Location Condition Controlled by Type Notes
Vijithapura 5th Century BC
Anuradhapura Kingdom
Central Province Fortress City [N 1][1]
Файл:Sigiriya.jpg Sigiriya 5th Century
by Kashyapa I
495 CE Dambulla, Central Province Ruined Government of Sri Lanka Citadel [N 2]
Mapagala fortress Central Province [N 3]

Transitional period

Sitawaka forts

Image Name Founded Abandoned Location Condition Controlled by Type Notes
Sitawaka fort Avissawella, Western Province
Hanwella Fort Hanwella, Western Province Destroyed Defence [2]

Portuguese forts

Image Name Founded Abandoned Location Condition Controlled by Type Notes
Colombo fort 1518, 1554 1524, 1870 Colombo fort, Western Province Destroyed - Defence
Файл:Fort Fredrick05.jpg Fort Fredrick 1624 - Trincomalee, Eastern Province Good Government of Sri Lanka Defence [N 4]
Файл:Batticaloa Portuguese (dutch) fort.jpg Batticaloa fort 1628 Batticaloa, Eastern Province Good Government of Sri Lanka Defence [N 5]
Arandora fort Narangoda, North Western Province Destroyed - Defence [N 6]
Arippu fort Arippu, Northern Province Ruins Government of Sri Lanka Defence [N 7]
Файл:Delft Island fort.JPG Delft Island fort Neduntheevu, Northern Province Ruins Government of Sri Lanka Defence [N 8]
Elephant Pass fort 1776 Elephant Pass, Northern Province Destroyed - Defence [N 9]
Файл:Fort galle 2017-10-28 (3).jpg Galle fort 1588 - Galle, Southern Province Good Government of Sri Lanka Defence [N 10]
Haldummulla fort 1630 Haldummulla, Uva Ruins Government of Sri Lanka Defence
Файл:Hammanheil Fort.JPG Fort Hammenheil 1618 Jaffna Peninsula, Northern Province Good Government of Sri Lanka Defence [N 11]
Файл:Jaffna Fort - main entrance.JPG Jaffna fort 1618 Jaffna, Northern Province Good Government of Sri Lanka Star fort [N 12]
Файл:Kalutara Fort.jpg Kalutara fort 1655 Kalutara, Western Province Ruins Government of Sri Lanka Defence
Файл:Kayts Island Fort.JPG Kayts Island fort 1629 Kayts, Northern Province Ruins Government of Sri Lanka Defence
Kotugodella fort 1630 Ettampitiya, Uva Province Ruins Defence
Mannar fort 1560 Mannar, Northern Province Destroyed Government of Sri Lanka Defence
Файл:Matara Fort clock tower.jpg Matara fort 1550 Matara, Southern Province Good Government of Sri Lanka Defence [N 13]
Menikkadawara fort 1599 Kegalle, Sabaragamuwa Province Destroyed Government of Sri Lanka Defence
Файл:SL Negombo asv2020-01 img06 Dutch Fort.jpg Negombo fort 1672 Negombo, Western Province Ruins Government of Sri Lanka Defence
Файл:Pooneryn fort.JPG Pooneryn fort 16?? Pooneryn, Northern Province Ruins Government of Sri Lanka Defence
Ratnapura fort 1618, 1620 Ratnapura, Sabaragamuwa Province Destroyed Government of Sri Lanka Defence
Ruwanwella fort 1590s Ruwanwella, Sabaragamuwa Province Destroyed Government of Sri Lanka Defence
Hanwella fort 1597 Hanwella, Western Province Destroyed Government of Sri Lanka Defence

Kandyan period

Kandyan forts

Image Name Founded Abandoned Location Condition Controlled by Type Notes
Balana fort Balana, Central Province Ruined Defence [3]
Hunnasgiriya Fort Hunnasgiriya, Central Province Ruined Defence [4]
Welanhinna Ancient Fort Diyatalawa, Uva Province Destroyed [5]

Dutch forts

Image Name Founded Abandoned Location Condition Controlled by Type Notes
Файл:Hammanheil Fort.JPG Fort Hammenheil 1618 - Jaffna Peninsula, Northern Province Good Government of Sri Lanka Defence
Koddiyar fort 1622 Muttur, Eastern Province Destroyed Defence
Katuwana Fort 1646 - Katuwana, Southern Province Good Government of Sri Lanka Defence
Файл:Kalpitiya fort.JPG Kalpitiya fort 1667–76 - Kalpitiya, North Western Province Good Government of Sri Lanka Defence [N 14]
Файл:Mullaitivu Fort in srilanka.jpg Mullaitivu fort 1715 Mullaitivu, Northern Province Ruins Defence [N 15]
Файл:Dutch Star Fort, Matara 0689.jpg Star fort 1763–65 - Matara, Southern Province Good Government of Sri Lanka Star fort
Fort Beschutter Elephant Pass, Northern Province Destroyed Government of Sri Lanka Defence
Fort Ostenburg Trincomalee, Eastern Province Ruins Government of Sri Lanka Defence [N 16]
Fort Pyl Elephant Pass, Northern Province Ruins Government of Sri Lanka Defence
Point Pedro fort Point Pedro, Northern Province Destroyed Defence [N 17]
Tangalle fort Tangalle, Southern Province Good Government of Sri Lanka Defence [N 18]

British forts

Image Name Founded Abandoned Location Condition Controlled by Type Notes
Martello tower 1801-03 Hambantota, Southern Province Good Government of Sri Lanka Defence tower
Fort MacDowall 1803 Matale Central Province [N 19]

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Commons category

Шаблон:Forts in Sri Lanka


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