Английская Википедия:Franz Schwaiger

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Franz Schwaiger (1 February 1918 – 24 April 1944) was a Luftwaffe ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross during World War II. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership - for the fighter pilots, it was a quantifiable measure of skill and success.

Military career

Schwaiger was born on 1 February 1918 in Ulm in the Kingdom of Württemberg within the German Empire. Following flight training as a fighter pilot in the summer of 1941,Шаблон:Refn he was posted, as an Unteroffizier, to 6. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet" (JG 3—3rd Fighter Wing).Шаблон:Sfn This squadron was part of II./JG 3 under the command of Gordon Gollob and fighting with Army Group South. Schwaiger quickly earned his first air victory, on 16.08.1941, but by the end of the year had reached a total of eight victories at which time his unit was rotated back to the Reich for rest and re-equipping.

A short secondment for his Gruppe to the Mediterranean Theatre, from January to April 1942, yielded no further success for Franz, but upon their return to the Eastern Front in May he started scoring steadily. Again covering Army Group South and the advance across the Ukraine toward Stalingrad, he scored his 20th victory on 31 July. The next week he was transferred to 2./JG 3, in the same sector. He scored his 30th victory on 17 August, and his 40th on 29 September, between which he had been transferred again, this time to 3./JG 3. Promoted to Feldwebel in early October, he scored his 50th victory on the 9th before being awarded the Knight's Cross, for 53 victories, on 29 October.

At the start of 1943 as the disaster at Stalingrad unfolded, and with 56 victories, Franz was sent for officer-training. Commissioned as a Leutnant, he returned to I./JG 3 as their highest-scoring pilot. In the intervening months the Gruppe had been recalled to Germany for Defence of the Reich duties against the increasingly intensive bombing raids of the 8th United States Army Air Forces (USAAF). This was a completely different type of aerial warfare - at high altitude and against the slow but very heavily armed box-formations of American bombers. Based around the industrial Ruhr heartland and Holland for the next year, he slowly added to his score.

Squadron leader and death

On 28 February 1944, I. Gruppe moved to Burg bei Magdeburg where the 1. Jagd-Division (1st Fighter Division) was concentrating fighter forces.Шаблон:Sfn In March, Schwaiger was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 1. Staffel of JG 3 following the death of its former commander Leutnant Hans Frese on 8 March.Шаблон:Sfn On 24 April, the USAAF Eighth Air Force sent 745 heavy bombers, escorted by 867 fighter aircraft, against the German aircraft industry. At 12:15, I. Gruppe took off and joined up with other elements of JG 3. At approximately 13:15, the Luftwaffe fighters intercepted a bomber formation north of Augsburg. The Luftwaffe fighters flew several attacks against the bomber formation. Following this engagement, Schwaiger made a successful forced landing in his Messerschmitt Bf 109 G-5 (Werknummer 110186—factory number) near Neuburg an der Donau but was then killed by strafing North American P-51 Mustang fighters after he had left his aircraft.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Command of 1. Staffel remained vacant until 10 May when Hauptmann Ernst Laube was appointed its Staffelkapitän.Шаблон:Sfn

Summary of career

Aerial victory claims

According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Schwaiger was credited with 67 aerial victories.Шаблон:Sfn Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 56 aerial victory claims, plus one further unconfirmed claim. This figure of confirmed claims includes 55 aerial victories on the Eastern Front and one on the Western Front.Шаблон:Sfn

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 4931". The Luftwaffe grid map (Шаблон:Lang) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about Шаблон:Convert. These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area Шаблон:Convert in size.Шаблон:Sfn

Chronicle of aerial victories
Claim	Date	Time	Type	Location	Claim	Date	Time	Type	Location
– 6. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet" –Шаблон:Sfn Operation Barbarossa — 22 June – 1 November 1941
1	16 August 1941	06:55	DB-3Шаблон:Sfn		5	26 August 1941	16:15	Pe-2	east of DnipropetrovskШаблон:Sfn
2	19 August 1941	13:55?Шаблон:Refn	I-153Шаблон:Sfn		6	3 September 1941	07:55	Pe-2Шаблон:Sfn
3	21 August 1941	07:55	DB-3Шаблон:Sfn		7	8 September 1941	13:47	SB-2Шаблон:Sfn
4	21 August 1941	07:58	DB-3Шаблон:Sfn		8	6 October 1941	09:20	Pe-2Шаблон:Sfn
– 6. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet" –Шаблон:Sfn Eastern Front — 26 April – 31 July 1942
9	27 May 1942	12:50	Il-2Шаблон:Sfn		15	24 July 1942	13:20	Yak-1	PQ 4931Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southwest of Bassargino
10	29 May 1942	18:35	V-11 (Il-2)Шаблон:Sfn		16	26 July 1942	08:15	Il-2Шаблон:Sfn
11	29 May 1942	18:40	V-11 (Il-2)Шаблон:Sfn		17	26 July 1942	08:20	Il-2Шаблон:Sfn
12	4 June 1942	17:27	Il-2Шаблон:Sfn		18	27 July 1942	11:40	Yak-1	PQ 39251Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northwest of Pitomnik
13	11 June 1942	12:27	Il-2Шаблон:Sfn		19	31 July 1942	13:55	Il-2	PQ 39192, KalachШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west of Kalach
14	22 July 1942	05:00	I-16Шаблон:Sfn		20	31 July 1942	14:00	LaGG-3	PQ 39184Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west of Kalach
– 2. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet" –Шаблон:Sfn Eastern Front — August – September 1942
21	4 August 1942	16:30	MiG-1	PQ 35 Ost 38285Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert south of Shutow	31	20 August 1942	10:32	LaGG-3	PQ 35 Ost 49451Шаблон:Sfn Leninsk airfield
22	5 August 1942	17:37	LaGG-3	PQ 35 Ost 49739Шаблон:Sfn	32	21 August 1942	17:42	LaGG-3	PQ 35 Ost 49124Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north of Gumrak
23	9 August 1942	11:50?Шаблон:Refn	Yak-1	PQ 35 Ost 39417Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southeast of Kalach	33	28 August 1942	05:18	MiG-1	PQ 35 Ost 40894Шаблон:Sfn
24	9 August 1942	12:00	Yak-1	Шаблон:Convert southeast of NadeshdaШаблон:Sfn vicinity of Bassargino	34	29 August 1942	13:50	P-40	PQ 35 Ost 49261Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert south of Stalingrad
25	12 August 1942	04:22	LaGG-3	PQ 35 Ost 3946Шаблон:Sfn	35	31 August 1942	16:07	Il-2	PQ 35 Ost 49333Шаблон:Sfn vicinity of Stalingrad
26	13 August 1942	17:54	MiG-1	PQ 35 Ost 39432Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert south of Pitomnik	36	3 September 1942	04:55	LaGG-3	PQ 35 Ost 40813Шаблон:Sfn
27	17 August 1942	16:51	Il-2	PQ 35 Ost 30894Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north of Pitomnik	37	4 September 1942	17:10?Шаблон:Refn	Yak-1	PQ 35 Ost 49241Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northeast of Stalingrad
28	17 August 1942	16:52	Il-2	PQ 35 Ost 40773, KatschalinskajaШаблон:Sfn	38	6 September 1942	17:05	LaGG-3	PQ 35 Ost 49134Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north of Grebenka
29	17 August 1942	16:59?Шаблон:Refn	Il-2	PQ 40793Шаблон:Sfn vicinity of Spartak	39	29 September 1942	10:05	Il-2	PQ 35 Ost 49251, northeast of StalingradШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east-northeast of Stalingrad
30	20 August 1942	10:21?Шаблон:Refn	Pe-2	PQ 35 Ost 49631Шаблон:Sfn	40	29 September 1942	10:08	Il-2	PQ 35 Ost 49222Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northeast of Stalingrad
– 3. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet" –Шаблон:Sfn Eastern Front — September 1942
41	29 September 1942	15:50	MiG-3?Шаблон:Refn	PQ 35 Ost 59161Шаблон:Sfn
– 2. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet" –Шаблон:Sfn Eastern Front — September 1942
42	30 September 1942	14:45	LaGG-3	Шаблон:Convert north of Kotluban railway stationШаблон:Sfn
– 3. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet" –Шаблон:Sfn Eastern Front — October – November 1942
43	4 October 1942	16:07	La-5	Шаблон:Convert east of TschagarnikiШаблон:Sfn	50	9 October 1942	14:43	LaGG-3	PQ 35 Ost 49124Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north of Gumrak
44	5 October 1942	07:12	MiG-1	PQ 35 Ost 40424Шаблон:Sfn	51	15 October 1942	07:58	R-5	PQ 35 Ost 59314Шаблон:Sfn
45	6 October 1942	14:02	Il-2	PQ 35 Ost 40442Шаблон:Sfn	52	29 October 1942	14:15	LaGG-3	PQ 35 Ost 59321Шаблон:Sfn
46	6 October 1942	14:14	MiG-1	PQ 35 Ost 40432Шаблон:Sfn	53	31 October 1942	13:20	LaGG-3	PQ 35 Ost 50171Шаблон:Sfn
47	7 October 1942	08:58	Yak-1	Шаблон:Convert east of KolobowkaШаблон:Sfn	54	2 November 1942	06:20	LaGG-3	PQ 35 Ost 49491Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east of Stalingrad
48	8 October 1942	08:40	LaGG-3	PQ 35 Ost 50672Шаблон:Sfn	55	2 November 1942	06:58	R-5	PQ 35 Ost 49434Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east of Stalingrad
49	9 October 1942	14:38	LaGG-3	PQ 35 Ost 49931Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north of Grebenka
– 2. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet" –Шаблон:Sfn Defense of the Reich — 1 May – 22 October 1943
Шаблон:Center?Шаблон:Refn	30 July 1943	Шаблон:Center	B-17&Шаблон:Sfn		56?Шаблон:Refn	19 August 1943	19:00	B-17*	PQ 05 Ost S/KLШаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Center?Шаблон:Refn	12 August 1943	09:30	B-17Шаблон:Sfn
– 1. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet" –Шаблон:Sfn Defense of the Reich — 9 January – 24 April 1944
57	19 April 1944	10:55	P-51	PQ 05 Ost S/LU-6Шаблон:Sfn south of Hannoversch Münden, east of Kassel

Awards

• Flugzeugführerabzeichen
• Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe
• Iron Cross (1939)
  • 2nd Class
  • 1st Class
• German Cross in Gold on 29 October 1942 as Unteroffizier in the 3./Jagdgeschwader 3Шаблон:Sfn
• Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 23 October 1942 as Unteroffizier and pilot in the 6./Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet"Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Refn

References

Bibliography

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• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
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