Английская Википедия:French schooner Belle Poule

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Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship characteristics

Belle Poule is a French Navy schooner in service as a training vessel, and the fourth ship of that name in the French Navy. She was built in 1932 as a replica of a cod fishing vessel used off Iceland, as a training ship of the students of the École navale.Шаблон:Sfnp During the Second World War, Belle Poule sailed to the United Kingdom after the Fall of France and was used by the Free French Naval Forces, returning to Brest in 1945. The schooner as well as her sister ship Шаблон:Ship are still used by the École Navale as training ships in European waters.

Design and construction

In the early 20th century, the French Navy scrapped its aging traditional sailing ships, Шаблон:Ship in 1904, and Borda in 1914. In the following years, it emerged that student officers would benefit from at least some sailing training. Since it would consist only in short cruises around Brest rather than long cruises, the school decided not to build a three-masted ship. Instead, it chose a replica of a cod fishing schooner, which had the advantage of being both maneuverable, and strong enough to sustain the weather of the winter around Brest. in 1931, the Ministry of the Navy ordered two such ships, as to allow enough of the students to embark at the same time. The first was Belle Poule, and the second, Шаблон:Ship.Шаблон:Sfnp

The Navy ordered the ships from Chantiers de Normandie at Fecamp. Construction was supervised by Lieutenant Richard for the Navy, and engineers Chantelot and Lemaistre for the shipyard. The ships could accommodated 30 student officers, 5 petty officers 12 seamen and 3 officers.Шаблон:Sfnp Construction of Belle Poule began in late July 1931, and she was launched on 8 February 1932.Шаблон:Sfnp

During her trials, Belle Poule managed Шаблон:Convert on engines. With sails, she achieved Шаблон:Convert close-hauled and Шаблон:Convert broad reach.Шаблон:Sfnp

Characteristics

Файл:Belle Poule - Etoile - pavillon de Beaupré.jpg

FNFL flag, still flown today.

Belle Poule is a replica of a type of fishing vessel that was used until 1935 off Iceland for catching cod.Шаблон:Sfn The ship has a standard displacement of Шаблон:Convert and Шаблон:Convert at full load.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The schooner is Шаблон:Convert long with a beam of Шаблон:Convert and a draught of Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn

Belle Poule is propelled by Шаблон:Convert of sails and an auxiliary Baudouin DNP 8 diesel engine turning one shaft rated at Шаблон:Convert,Шаблон:Sfn replacing her original a Sulzer diesel engine, rated at Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn Her maximum speed in Шаблон:Convert on diesel engine. The propeller has only two blades, and can be stopped and locked vertically, as not to hinder the nautical qualities of the hull.Шаблон:Sfnp

As a former ship of the Free French Naval Forces (French: Forces Navales Françaises Libres, or FNFL), Belle Poule still flies the flag with the Cross of Loraine in honour of her role during the Second World War.Шаблон:Sfnp

Career

From September 1932 Belle Poule and Étoile served with the École navale in their normal role.Шаблон:Sfnp In the morning of 18 June 1940, Lieutenant-Commander Cros, in charge of both schooners, was ordered to prepare for evacuating the students of the school in the face of the German invasion of France. By 1400, both ships were manned, and they departed at 1500. At 1700, they had joined Président-Théodore-Tissier, Jean-Frédéric and Notre-Dame-de-France. The ships crossed the English Channel during the night, and arrived at Falmouth on 19 June around 1700. Шаблон:Sfnp The British boarded Belle Poule in the night of 2 July as part of Operation Catapult, taking the French personnel prisoner. They restituted the ships to the FNFL on 20 September.Шаблон:Sfnp Both ships were de-magnetised as a precaution against mines, and armed with two Шаблон:Cvt Hotchkiss Mle 1914 machine guns.Шаблон:Sfnp

On 16 November 1940, Belle Poule and Étoile left Falmouth and sailed to Portsmouth to join the Free French naval school, held on Président-Théodore-Tissier. On 18 November, they came under attack from a bomber, but the four bombs that it released fell hundreds of metres away and did not cause damage.Шаблон:Sfnp From November 1940, Belle Poule sailed each day of the week to train gunners, helmsmen, gabiers and commandos for the FNFL and for the Royal Navy, with Ensign Walmeyer acting as a liaison officer. Because she was moored next to the battleship Шаблон:Ship, Belle Poule was regularly under attack from German planes.Шаблон:Sfnp On 10 January 1941, she sustained two hits from incendiary bombs, and an officer, Blonsard, was seriously wounded fighting the fire. King George VI and Queen Elizabeth paid the ships a visit, and Blonsard was awarded the Croix de Guerre for saving Belle Poule. Шаблон:Sfnp

On 15 April 1944, Belle Poule and Étoile departed for West Hartlepool, Étoile towing Belle Poule for most of the journey due to an engine failure.Шаблон:Sfnp They arrived on 13 May and were placed in reserve.Шаблон:Sfnp In late September 1945, Belle Poule and Étoile returned to Brest. From October they were appointed to the École navale again, but were in such bad condition that they stayed under refit until mid-1947. Their engines were replaced with Шаблон:Cvt Deutz AG engines taken from German trucks.Шаблон:Sfnp

Belle Poule and Étoile sail around Brest during the winter, and occasionally participate in meetings during the summer,Шаблон:Sfnp mainly in European waters.Шаблон:Sfn In 1975, they had a refit, and the engines were replaced with Шаблон:Cvt Baudoin DNP8. Шаблон:Sfnp In 2009, they crossed the Atlantic to New York. Since 13 May 1978 Belle Poule has been sponsored by the city of Pauillac.Шаблон:Sfn Belle Poule underwent a refit in 2006.Шаблон:Sfn

Bibliography

• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite journal

External links

• Шаблон:Cite web
• Шаблон:Cite web