Английская Википедия:Fuji (planchette writing)

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Taoism

Файл:"Feiluan xin yu" - Representation of fuji (pranchette spirit-writing method) or "descending of the phoenix" (feiluan) - Dian shi zhai hua bao (1884-1889).jpg
Litography Feiluan xin yu in the illustrated magazine Dian shi zhai hua bao (1884–1889). It represents the technique of fuji during the Qing dysnasty, also called "descending of the phoenix" (feiluan).

Fuji (Шаблон:Zh), also colloquially known as "Chinese Ouija", is a method of "planchette writing", or "spirit writing", that uses a suspended sieve or tray to guide a stick which writes Chinese characters in sand or incense ashes.[1]

Development

Beginning around the Ming dynasty (1368 – 1644), the fuji method and written characters changed from Шаблон:Lang "support the sieve" (spirit-writing using a suspended sieve or winnowing tray) to Шаблон:Lang "support the planchette" (directing a stick or stylus, typically made from a willow or peach branch, and roughly resembling a dowsing-rod).Шаблон:Citation needed

Vocabulary

Chinese fuji spirit-writing involves some specialized vocabulary. Luan (Шаблон:Lang) "a mythical phoenix-like bird" is used in synonyms such as Шаблон:Transliteration (Шаблон:Lang, "support the phoenix"), Шаблон:Transliteration (Шаблон:Lang "flying phoenix," and Шаблон:Transliteration (Шаблон:Lang, "descending phoenix"). The fuji process involves specialized participants. The two people (or rarely one) who hold the sieve or stylus are called Шаблон:Transliteration (Шаблон:Lang, "planchette hands"), only one of whom is ostensibly possessed by a shen (Шаблон:Lang, "spirit; god") or xian (Шаблон:Lang, "immortal; transcendent"). Their assistants include a pingsha (Шаблон:Lang, "level sand") who smooths out the Шаблон:Transliteration (Шаблон:Lang, "sand table"), a Шаблон:Transliteration (Шаблон:Lang, "planchette reader") who interprets the characters, and a Шаблон:Transliteration (Шаблон:Lang, "planchette copyist") who records them. Jiwen (Шаблон:Lang, "planchette writing") is a general reference to texts produced through Chinese fuji spirit-writing.Шаблон:Citation needed

Folk history

Spirit-writing has a long history in Chinese folk religion, and is first recorded (Chao 1942:12) during the Liu Song dynasty (420-479 CE). Fuji planchette-writing became popular during the Song dynasty (960-1279), when authors like Shen Kuo and Su Shi associated its origins with summoning Zigu (Шаблон:Lang, "Purple Maiden"), the Spirit of the Latrine. Fuji divination flourished during the Ming dynasty, and the Jiajing Emperor (r. 1522–1566) built a special jitan (Шаблон:Lang, "planchette altar") in the Forbidden City (Despeux 2007:428). Although the practice of fuji planchette-writing was prohibited by the Qing dynasty (1644-1912) Legal Code, it has continued and is currently practiced at Daoist temples in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Malaysia as well as folk shrines in Mainland China. Planchette writing is also mentioned in translations of the Golden Flower meditation manual that is used in modern practice in the United States as well.

Uses

Fuji is particularly associated with the Quanzhen School of Daoism. The Daozang "Daoist Canon" contains several scriptures supposedly written through spirit-writing. Two examples are the Zitong dijun huashu (Шаблон:Lang, "Book of Transformations of the Divine Lord of Zitong").Шаблон:Citation needed

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Further reading

External links

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  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
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