Английская Википедия:Galician–Volhynian Chronicle
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Italic title
The Galician–Volhynian Chronicle (GVCШаблон:Sfn) (Шаблон:Lang-uk, called "Halicz-Wolyn Chronicle" in Polish historiography), also known as Chronicle of Halych–VolhyniaШаблон:Sfn and The Dynastic Chronicle of the Romanovichi,Шаблон:Sfn is a prominent work of Old Ruthenian literature and historiography[1] covering 1201–1292Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn in the history of the Principality of Galicia–Volhynia (in modern Ukraine).
Textual witnesses
The original chronicle completed in the late 13th century did not survive.Шаблон:Sfn The oldest known copy is part of the early 15th-century Hypatian Codex,Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn discovered in the Hypatian Monastery of Kostroma by the Russian historian and essayist Nikolay Karamzin.Шаблон:Sfn He also found the second codex of the Galician–Volhynian Chronicle, the 16th-century Khlebnikov Codex (which is considered the principal one).[1]
In 1973, five copies were known: Hypatian (Ipatiev), Khlebnikov (X), Pogodin (P), Cracow (C), and Ermolaev (E).Шаблон:Sfn As of 2022, seven codices/manuscripts that have been preserved are known to contain a paper copy of the Galician–Volhynian Chronicle.Шаблон:Sfn
- Hypatian Codex (Шаблон:Circa 1425)Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn – contains a faulty chronology inserted by a later copyistШаблон:Sfn
- Khlebnikov Codex (Шаблон:Circa 1575) / Ostroz'kyjШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn – contains no chronologyШаблон:Sfn
- Pogodin/Chetvertyns'kyj textШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn – contains no chronologyШаблон:Sfn
- Cracow text (late 18th century in Latin script) – poorly copied from the Pogodin textШаблон:Sfn
- Bundur/Iarocki textШаблон:Sfn
- Ermolaev (Yermolayev) textШаблон:Sfn – similar to Khlebnikov, but greatly abbreviated and distortedШаблон:Sfn
Contents
The Galician–Volhynian Chronicle has two parts:Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
- The Galician section (1201–1260)Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
- The Volynian section (1261–1292)Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
The compiler of the Galician–Volhynian Chronicle explained Galicia's claim to the Principality of Kiev.[2] The first part of the chronicle (Daniel of Galicia chronicle) was written in Kholm, possibly by a boyar named Dionisiy Pavlovich.[3] Several scholars think that the entire GVC could have been written by eleven unique authors, after which it was compiled together into a single text.Шаблон:Sfn
Studies and translations
While the 1843, 1908 and 1962 editions of the GVC published in the Complete Collection of Russian Chronicles (PSRL) and the 1871 Archaeographical Commission edition were still primarily based on the Hypatian text and only included Khlebnikov for variant readings, A. Klevanov's 1871 Russian paraphrase was the first work – albeit a very flawed one – to take the Khlebnikov text as the foundation for reconstructing the GVC.Шаблон:Sfn The first linguistic studies of the entire Hypatian Codex were published by Makarushka (1896) and Nikolskij (1899).Шаблон:Sfn Compared to the Primary Chronicle and Kievan Chronicle, relatively little attention was given to the Galician–Volhynian Chronicle until the 1890s, when Ukrainian historian Mykhailo Hrushevsky stimulated historical and literary interest in it.Шаблон:Sfn Hrushevsky established the first reliable chronology of events in the GVC.Шаблон:Sfn He demonstrated that the faulty chronology found in the Hypatian GVC text was inserted by a later copyist.Шаблон:Sfn Although it was clear that the original author had intended to write his text in imitation of the events-based – rather than years-based (annalistic) – Greek chronographs, he never got around to dating the events he had been writing about, and so a later copyist inserted dates, albeit incorrectly.Шаблон:Sfn In addition, Hrushevsky translated certain passages from it with historical and literary commentary.Шаблон:Sfn
Panov published a modern Russian translation of the Galician–Volhynian Chronicle in 1936, which according to Daniel Clarke Waugh (1974) contained "occasional blunders".Шаблон:Sfn Waugh suggested that Teofil Kostrub's modern Ukrainian translation, also released in 1936, was "more faithful to the original" than the English one produced by Perfecky in 1973.Шаблон:Sfn
The first English translation of the Galician–Volhynian Chronicle was published with an index and annotations by La Salle professor George A. Perfecky in 1973.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn It was part of a large-scale project to produce critical editions of the entire Hypatian Codex in modern English under the guidance of professor Omeljan Pritsak (who founded the Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute that same year).Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Perfecky sought to establish a "free (but faithful) rather than a literal interpretation of the chronicle."Шаблон:Sfn Pritsak cautioned the reader "that these are pioneer steps toward a comprehensive study of this work", and that a revised edition would be prepared "upon the completion of the whole project, which is estimated to take at least ten years".Шаблон:Sfn Waugh reviewed this edition, pointing out some flaws in translation, saying it "will need revision", and suggesting "that its publication was a bit premature."Шаблон:Sfn
In 2006, Bulgarian historical linguist Daniela S. Hristova (1962–2010[4]) demonstrated that there was a clear linguistic and stylistic boundary in the middle of column 848, between the end of the entry for the year 1260 (6768) and the year 1261 (6769).Шаблон:Sfn She concluded that this was where the Galician part ended, and the Volhynian part began.Шаблон:Sfn She and Petro Tolochko (2003) also supported the hypothesis of Шаблон:Ill (1993) that the Galician part consisted of six different narratives by separate authors, and that the Volhynian part compiled five different narratives into one, so that the whole GVC was probably written by eleven different people.Шаблон:Sfn
See also
References
Bibliography
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Kotlyar, M. Galician–Volhynian Chronicle (ГАЛИЦЬКО-ВОЛИНСЬКИЙ ЛІТОПИС). Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine. 2004
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Literature of the late Middle Ages. Izbornik.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
