Английская Википедия:Gnome-Rhône Mistral Major

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Шаблон:Infobox Aircraft Engine

The Gnome-Rhône 14K Mistral Major was a 14-cylinder, two-row, air-cooled radial engine. It was Gnome-Rhône's major aircraft engine prior to World War II, and matured into a highly sought-after design that would see licensed production throughout Europe and Japan. Thousands of Mistral Major engines were produced, used on a wide variety of aircraft.

Design and development

In 1921 Gnome-Rhône purchased a license for the highly successful nine-cylinder single-row Bristol Jupiter radial engine and produced it until about 1930, alongside the smaller five-cylinder Bristol Titan. Starting in 1926, however, they used the basic design of the Titan to produce a family of new single-row radial engines, the so-called "K series". With increasing numbers of cylinders, these started with the 5K Titan, followed by the 7K Titan Major and 9K Mistral. By 1930, 6,000 of these engines had been delivered.

However, the aircraft industry at that time was rapidly evolving and producing much larger aircraft that demanded larger engines to power them. Gnome-Rhône responded by developing the 7K into a two-row version that became the 14K Mistral Major. The first test examples were running in 1929.

As the Jupiter had set the pattern for one-row radials in the 1920s, the Mistral Major became a canonical design for twin-row radials of the 1930s. It was widely licensed and formed the basis for many successful designs. Among the licensees were Industria Aeronautică Română in Romania, Manfred Weiss in Hungary, Alvis of the UK, Tumansky in the USSR, Walter of Czechoslovakia, and Isotta Fraschini and Piaggio in Italy. Nakajima in Japan also licensed it, but did not put it into production, developing their own designs based on features taken from the Mistral and other designs.

Variants

14Kbr

Reduction gearing

14Kbrs

Supercharged with reduction gearing

14Kdr

Reduction gearing

14Kds

Supercharger

14Kdrs

Supercharged with reduction gearing

14Kes

Supercharged (LH rotation)

14Kfs

Supercharged (RH rotation Kers)

14Kirs

Supercharged with reduction gearing (LH rotation)

14Kjrs

Supercharged with reduction gearing (RH rotation Kirs)

14Knrs

Supercharged with reduction gearing (LH rotation)

14Kors

Supercharged with reduction gearing (RH rotation Knrs)

Alvis Pelides

Development of engine with British fasteners. 15 built before project abandoned with start of Second World War as no suitable use in Air Ministry plans.

Isotta Fraschini K.14

license-built in Italy by Isotta Fraschini

IAM K14

licensed derivative produced in Yugoslavia

IAR K14

licensed derivative produced in Romania

Manfréd Weiss WM K-14

licensed derivative produced in Hungary

Piaggio P.XI

licensed derivative produced in Italy

Piaggio P.XIX

higher compression development of Piaggio P.XI

Tumansky M-85

license-built in USSR by Tumansky

Tumansky M-86

960 hp (715 kW) development of M-85 through increased supercharging and a higher compression ratio.

Tumansky M-87

Tumansky M-88

Walter Mistral Major

ИАМ K.14

Gallery

• A Piaggio P.XI engine at the Malmohus Technical Museum, Malmo, Sweden.

  A Piaggio P.XI engine at the Malmohus Technical Museum, Malmo, Sweden.

• A Tumansky M-85 at the Aviation Museum of Central Finland.

  A Tumansky M-85 at the Aviation Museum of Central Finland.

• Walter Mistral Major.

  Walter Mistral Major.

• A Walter Mistral Major at the Polish Aviation Museum in Krakow.

  A Walter Mistral Major at the Polish Aviation Museum in Krakow.

References

• Danel, Raymond and Cuny, Jean. L'aviation française de bombardement et de renseignement 1918-1940 Docavia n°12, Editions Larivière