Английская Википедия:Gornergrat Railway

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Файл:Aerial panorama of the Gornergrat 170622.jpg

Aerial panorama of the Gornergrat

The Gornergrat Railway (Шаблон:Lang-de; GGB) is a mountain rack railway, located in the Swiss canton of Valais. It links the resort village of Zermatt, situated at Шаблон:Convert above mean sea level, to the summit of the Gornergrat. The Gornergrat railway station is situated at an altitude of Шаблон:Convert, which makes the Gornergrat Railway the second highest railway in Europe after the Jungfrau, and the highest open-air railway of the continent. The line opened in 1898, and was the first electric rack railway to be built in Switzerland. The Gornergrat is a starting point for many hikes, as it lies surrounded by 29 peaks rising above Шаблон:Convert in the Alps and several glaciers, including the Gorner Glacier (which is billed as the second longest glacier in the Alps). At the end of the line on Gornergrat, the Matterhorn is visible on a clear day. It is also a popular skiing area.

The Gornergrat Railway Ltd (Gornergrat Bahn AG) is a wholly owned subsidiary of BVZ Holdings AG, who are also the majority owners of the Matterhorn Gotthard Verkehrs AG, the company that operates the Matterhorn Gotthard Bahn (MGB), with which the GGB connects in Zermatt.

History

Work on the railway started in 1896, five years after the Visp-Zermatt-Bahn had linked Zermatt to Visp and the Rhone Valley. The line opened on August 20, 1898, and was electrified from the start. Initially it only operated in summer, but year-round operation was extended to the lower section of the line in 1929, and to the summit in 1941. The Gornegrat Railway was the highest railway in Europe until the opening of the Jungfrau Railway in 1912.

The upper terminal was remodelled in 2004.Шаблон:Citation needed

Operation

Route

There are several passenger stops on the line:

Station	Distance	Height (AMSL)	Notes
Zermatt GGB	0.00	Шаблон:Convert	Link to Matterhorn Gotthard Bahn and the Zermatt–Sunnegga funicular
Findelbach	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert
Riffelalp	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	Link to the Riffelalp tram, providing connection to Riffelalp Resort
Riffelberg	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	With a three-star hotel
Rotenboden	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert
Gornergrat	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	With a three-star hotel and observatory

There are also freight-only stations at Ladegleis Findelbach, which is on a short branch from the passenger station at Findelbach, and at Riffelboden, which is situated between Riffelalp and Riffelberg passenger stations.

Infrastructure

The line is Шаблон:Convert in length, including Шаблон:Convert of double track, and traverses an altitude difference of Шаблон:Convert. It is built to metre gauge (Шаблон:RailGauge) and uses the Abt rack system throughout. It is one of four lines in the world using three-phase electric power, requiring two overhead conductors, with the track forming the third conductor. There is a non-powered connection with the metre gauge Matterhorn Gotthard Bahn at Zermatt to allow transfer of freight and delivery of rolling stock.

Rolling stock

The line uses the following rolling stock:

Image	Numbers	Notation	Year	Notes
Файл:GGB 3001.jpg	3001–3003	He 2/2	1898	Locomotives. Unit 3002 is displayed on a roundabout at Stalden, while 3003 is displayed at the Gornergrat railway station with gold paint as of September 2023.
	3015	Dhe 2/4		Baggage car, rebuilt from sister car to 3019-3022
Файл:2012-08-17 15-31-24 Switzerland Canton du Valais Blatten.JPG	3017	Xhe 2/4		Works car, rebuilt from sister car to 3019-3022. Carries re-railing equipment and equipment to apply anti-freeze to the overhead wires.
Файл:Riffelberg station.jpg	3019-3022	Bhe 2/4	1947-61	Single unit railcars, remaining four cars of a once much larger class (3011-3022). Two other members of this class have been rebuilt (3015/3017), the remainder have been scrapped.
Файл:Trains du Gornergrat 4.jpg	3041-3044	Bhe 4/8	1965-75	Twin unit railcars
Файл:GGB Bhe 4-8 Riffelboden.jpg	3051-3054	Bhe 4/8	1993	Twin unit railcars
Файл:GGB Bhe 4-4 Gornergrat - Rotenboden.jpg	3061-3062	Bhe 4/4	1981	Multi-purpose railcars, which can operate in passenger service with matching driving trailers Bt 3071-3072, or in freight/works service.
Файл:2012-08-17 15-28-20 Switzerland Canton du Valais Blatten.JPG	3081-3084	Bhe 4/6	2006	Low floor two-section articulated railcars, built by Stadler Rail.
Файл:Stadler POLARIS EMU at the Gornergrat summit terminal.jpg	3091-3095	Bhe 4/6	2022	Low floor two-section articulated railcars, built by Stadler Rail, designed by Pininfarina

The railway typically operates two-railcar trains, and can carry approximately 2,500 people per hour from Zermatt to the mountain summit.

Gallery

• Above Riffelberg

  Above Riffelberg

• Summit station; the train has two pantographs for the three-phase power-supply

  Summit station; the train has two pantographs for the three-phase power-supply

• Riffelalp intermediate station. In the left, beside station building, the track of the Riffelalptram

  Riffelalp intermediate station. In the left, beside station building, the track of the Riffelalptram

• Gornergrat station building

  Gornergrat station building

• Above Rotenboden

  Above Rotenboden

• Switch point

  Switch point

• Map of the railway

  Map of the railway

See also

• List of mountain railways in Switzerland

External links

• Gornergrat Bahn website (English version)