Английская Википедия:Grammarians of Kufa
Шаблон:Short description Al-Kūfah began as a military base ca. 670 near Ḥīrah on the western branch of the Euphrates river and grew, as had its counterpart at Al-Basrah thirty years earlier also grown, from an encampment into a town that attracted the great intellectual elites from across the region.Шаблон:Sfn The first grammarian of al-Kūfah was Al-Ru'asi who lived in the eighth century, whereas the earliest scholars of the School at Baṣrah, lived during the seventh century.Шаблон:Sfn The great intellectual project that developed out of both schools of philology, created the sciences of Arabic grammar and lexicography. What emerged from an impetus to interpret the sacred texts of the Qu’rān and Ḥadīth, by humanists of al-Baṣrah and al-Kūfah, led to a communal quest for the purest, least corrupt, Arabic source material, for which they turned to the Pre-Islamic oral poetry as recited by the rāwī. The compositions of famous poets were collected, arranged, and committed to writing. Шаблон:Sfn The grammarians of al-Baṣrah and al-Kūfah collected the ancient Arabian poetry and arranged the material into “Dīwān” (pl. Dawāwan) according to certain principles; either by classes of individuals, tribal groupings, selected qaṣīdas, or by themes of fragments, and edited into anthologies. Examples of their works are the Mu’allaqāt, and the Mufaḍḍaliyāt by al-Mufaḍḍal al-Ḍabbī.Шаблон:Sfn
Philologists of al-Kūfah found in al-Fihrist of Isḥāq al-Nadīm
- Anbārī (al-), Abū Muhammad Qāsim - Abū Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn Bashshār al-Anbārī’ al-Qāsim, was a pupil of al-Farrā’ and Tha‘lab. His son was Abū Bakr Ibn al-Anbārī, (885 - 940), a scholar famed for his memory.Шаблон:RefnШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn
- A’rābī (Ibn al-) - Abū ‘Abd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Ziyād (ca. 760 – 846). Celebrated linguist of rare phraseology. He died at Sāmarrā.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
- ‘Arūḍī (al-) - Abū Muḥammad. a.k.a., Barzakh, or Nazraḥ, (fl. ca. 800), acclaimed author of book on prosody (arud). The scholar of al-Baṣrah, Ibn Durustūyah, wrote a refutation of his book. Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
- ‘Aṣīdah (Abū) - Aḥmad ibn ‘Ubayd (Allāh) ibn Nāṣiḥ, Abū Ja’far (d. 886/887), of al-Kūfah, tutor to the sons of Caliph Al-Mutawakkil (r. 847-861).Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
- ‘Āṣim (ibn), Salamah - Abū Muḥammad; a grammarian and associate of al-Farrā’ at al-Kūfah in the early C 9th. His son was the scholar al-Mufaḍḍal ibn Salamah.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
- Farrā’ (al-) - Abū Zakarīyā’ Yaḥyā ibn Ziyād (d. 822), from Daylam, (Iran) was an important scholar of al-Kisā’ī, who died aged sixty.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
- Ḥā’ik (al-), Hārūn ibn – a.k.a. Hārūn of al-Ḥīrah, a converted Jew from al-Ḥīrah and a disciple of Tha‘lab, a linguist and grammarian of latter C 9th. Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Refn. Шаблон:Sfn
- Ḥazunbal (al-) - Abū ‘Abd Allāh Muḥammad ibn ‘Abd Allāh ibn ‘Āṣim al-Tamīmī, C9th scholar and source for material on Abū ‘Amr al-Shaybānī.Шаблон:Sfn
- Hishām ibn Mu‘āwīyah al-Ḍarīr (died 824), a blind grammarian and qāri’ (reciter of the Qur’ān) at al-Kūfah.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
- Karnabā’ī (al-) - Hishām ibn Ibrāhīm, Abū ‘Alī, from KarnabaШаблон:Sfn near al-Ahwaz an early C. 9th grammarian at al-Kūfah and a pupil of al-Aṣma’ī. Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn*Khaṭṭabī (al-) - Abū Muḥammad ‘Abd Allāh ibn Muḥammad ibn Harb (d. ca. 893 – 896), language student of al-Kūfah, who died at Damascus.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
- Khurāsānī (al-), Naṣrān, a teacher of Ibn al-Sikkīt first half C. 9th.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
- Kisā’ī (al-) - Abū al-Ḥasan ‘Alī ibn Hamzah of al-Kūfah. Al-Kisā’ī a celebrated grammarian who tutored the sons of the Abbāsid caliph Hārūn al-Rashīd and was an authorized Quranic reader. (d. ca.795/813).Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
- Kunāsah (Ibn) - Abū Muḥammad ‘Abd Allāh ibn Yaḥyā, a.k.a., ‘Abd al-A‘lā ibn Muḥammad, (fl. ca. 741 - 823); an authority on tribal poetry, he was of the tribe of Asad. Born at al-Kūfah and later moved to Baghdād.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
- Mardān (Ibn) - Abū Mūsa ‘Īsā al-Kūfī, C 9th grammarian at al-Kūfah. Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
- Marzabān (ibn),‘Alī ibn ‘Abd al-‘Azīz - Abū al-Ḥasan (d. ca. 900) lived at Makkah, a Qur’ān reader.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
- Mu’ādh al-Harrā’ - Mu’ādh ibn Muslim al-Harrā’, aka ‘’Abū Muslim’’’’ and ‘’Abū ‘Alī’’’’, (ca.722 – 803), was a cloth dealer of Harāt, and a poet. Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
- Mufaḍḍal (al-) al-Ḍabbī - Ibn Salamah al-Ḍabbī, Abū Ṭālib (d. 903), author of the famous al-Mufaḍḍaliyāt and a renowned scholar of Qur’an and literature from al-Kūfah.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
- Naṣr ibn Yūsuf - an 8th century grammarian and philologist of the school of al-Kūfah. Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
- Qādim (Ibn)Шаблон:Refn - Abū Ja‘far Muḥammad (Aḥmad). A scholar of al-Kūfah, he taught Tha‘lab in Baghdād and tutored Al-Mu'tazz, the son of the caliph, before 866. Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
- Qāsim (al-) ibn Ma‘n ibn ‘Abd al-Raḥmān; scholar and Qāḍī (judge) of al-Kūfah (d. 791/792)Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
- Ru’āsī (al-) - Abū Ja‘far Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan ibn Abī Sārah al-Nīlī al-Ru’āsī, wrote the first grammar book in the Abbasid caliphate of Harūn ar-Rashīd (786-809).Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
- Sa‘dān (Ibn) - Abū Ja‘far Muḥammad ibn Sa‘dān al-Ḍarīr (fl. 778 – 846) a language student and reader of the Qur’ān who lived at Baghdād.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
- Sarkhasī (al-) - Abū Ṭalib ‘Abd al-‘Azīz ibn Muḥammad from Sarkhas, Khurāsān, with links to al-Kūfah who taught in the mosque of the TarjumānīyahШаблон:RefnШаблон:Sfn
- Ṣa’ūdā’ - Abū Sa’īd Muḥammad ibn Hubayrah al-Asadī (fl. late C. 9th) of al-Kūfah, grammarian and philologist attached to a son of the Caliph al-Mu‘tazz at Baghdād.Шаблон:Sfn Yāqūt calls him Sa‘ūrā’. Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
- Shāmī (al-), Abū Muhammad ‘Abd Allāh (‘the Syrian’) - Muḥammad (Abū) ‘Abd Allāh ibn Muḥammad al-Shāmī, a Syrian pupil of Tha‘lab, in the latter C. 9th.Шаблон:Sfn
- Shaybānī (al-) - Abū ‘Amr Isḥāq ibn Mirār (d. ca. 821- 828), lived a long life and categorized the poetry and lore of at least 80 tribes. His son, ‘Amr ibn Abī ‘Amr (d. 845/846), collected and publicised his works.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
- Sikkīt (al-), the father of Ya’qūb Ibn al-Sikkīt, was a scholar of literature who had studied under al-Farrā’. He was from Dawraq near al-Ahwaz.Шаблон:Sfn The son, Abū Yūsuf Ya‘qūb ibn Isḥāq Ibn al-Sikkīt, was a tutor to the son of Al-Mutawakkil and a celebrated grammarian. (d. 857 – 861).Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
- Thābit ibn Abī Thābit - ‘Abd al-‘Azīz, Abū Muḥammad (probably in early C. 9th) from al-Kūfah, a scholar of tribal dialects.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
- Thābit ibn ‘Amr ibn Ḥabīb and ‘Alī ibn Muḥammad ibn Wahb al-Mash’arī were early C9th disciples of Abū ‘Ubayd al-Qāsim.Шаблон:Sfn
- Tha‘lab - Abū al-‘Abbās Aḥmad ibn Yaḥyā (ca. 815 – 904), of Baghdād, a celebrated grammarian and traditionist, who moved from al-Kūfah to Baghdād.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
- Ṭūsī (al-) - Abū al-Ḥasan ‘Alī ibn ‘Abd Allāh Ibn Sinān at-Taimi of the Banu Taym, native of Ṭūs, early C9th pupil of Ibn al-A’rābī at al-Kūfah. A narrator of poetry and oral history of the Arab tribes. He compiled the diwan of Ibn al-Tathriya.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
- Ṭuwāl (al-) - Abū ‘Abd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn ‘Abd Allāh (d.857/858); grammarian of al-Kūfah.Шаблон:Refn Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
- ‘Ubayd (Abū) al-Qāsim ibn Sallām (770 – ca. 838) - the son of a Greek slave born at Herat, studied with al-Aṣma’ī and al-Kisā’ī, and became a judge. Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
- Zāhid (al-) - Abū ‘Umar Muḥammad ibn ‘Abd al-Wāḥid al-Mutarriz (ca. 870 – 957), an ascetic philologer of Baghdād. Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
Notes
References
Sources
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- Английская Википедия
- Grammarians of Kufa
- History of Kufa
- Islamic Golden Age
- Scholars from the Abbasid Caliphate
- Arabic language
- Lexicographers of Arabic
- Philologists of Arabic
- Grammarians of Arabic
- Linguists
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