Английская Википедия:Guanine tetrad

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Also Шаблон:Image frame In molecular biology, a guanine tetrad (also known as a G-tetrad or G-quartet) is a structure composed of four guanine bases in a square planar array.[1][2] They most prominently contribute to the structure of G-quadruplexes, where their hydrogen bonding stabilizes the structure.[3][4] Usually, there are at least two guanine tetrads in a G-quadruplex, and they often feature Hoogsteen-style hydrogen bonding.[1]

Guanine tetrads are formed by sequences rich in guanine, such as GGGGC.[5] They may also play a role in the dimerization of non-endogenous RNAs to facilitate the replication of some viruses.[5] Guanine tetrads dimerize through their 5' ends since it is more energetically favorable.[6]

They can be stabilized by central cations, such as lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, or cesium.[7][8] However, they still form a variety of different structures.[1] Guanine tetrads are not always stable, but the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA can assist in stability of the guanine tetrads themselves.[1] Guanine tetrads are more stable when stacked, as intermolecular forces between each layers help stabilize them.[9]

Guanine tetrads can also influence recombination, replication, and transcription.[1][2] For instance, guanine tetrads are found in the promoter region of the Myc family of oncogenes.[10] They also function in immunoglobulin class switching and may play a role in the genome of HIV.[11] Guanine tetrads appear frequently in the telomeric regions of DNA.[3]

See also

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  1. 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Molecular dynamics simulations не указан текст
  2. 2,0 2,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок MyoD binds to the guanine tetrad не указан текст
  3. 3,0 3,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Telomeric DNA dimerizes не указан текст
  4. Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Are Guanine Tetrads Stabilized не указан текст
  5. 5,0 5,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Guanine tetrad and palindromic не указан текст
  6. Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Why do G-quadruplexes dimerize не указан текст
  7. Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Guanine tetrads: an IRMPD spectroscopy не указан текст
  8. Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Theoretical study of incorporating не указан текст
  9. Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Guanine Base Stacking не указан текст
  10. Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Small-molecule interaction не указан текст
  11. Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок The High-Resolution Crystal не указан текст