Английская Википедия:HMCS Chambly
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use Canadian English Шаблон:Use dmy dates
Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship characteristicsHMCS Chambly was a Шаблон:Sclass2 serving in the Royal Canadian Navy. She was ordered from Canadian Vickers Ltd. in Montreal, laid down on 20 February 1940, launched on 29 July, and commissioned on 18 December 1940, named after the city of Chambly, Quebec. Chambly escorted trade convoys between Halifax Harbour and the Western Approaches through the battle of the Atlantic and, together with Шаблон:HMCS, achieved the RCN's first U-boat kill of the war.
Background
Шаблон:Main Flower-class corvettes like Chambly serving with the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War were different from earlier and more traditional sail-driven corvettes.[1][2][3] The "corvette" designation was created by the French as a class of small warships; the Royal Navy borrowed the term for a period but discontinued its use in 1877.[4] During the hurried preparations for war in the late 1930s, Winston Churchill reactivated the corvette class, needing a name for smaller ships used in an escort capacity, in this case based on a whaling ship design.[5] The generic name "flower" was used to designate the class of these ships, which – in the Royal Navy – were named after flowering plants.[6]
Corvettes commissioned by the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War were named after communities for the most part, to better represent the people who took part in building them. This idea was put forth by Admiral Percy W. Nelles. Sponsors were commonly associated with the community for which the ship was named. Royal Navy corvettes were designed as open sea escorts, while Canadian corvettes were developed for coastal auxiliary roles which was exemplified by their minesweeping gear. Eventually the Canadian corvettes would be modified to allow them to perform better on the open seas.[7]
War service
Chambly was one of the first three Royal Canadian Navy corvettes available for Atlantic service when the St. Lawrence River froze in late 1940. Her commanding officer, Commander James D. Prentice, RCN, was designated Senior Officer, Canadian corvettes, and was responsible for organizing operational training of the remaining corvettes as they were completed and commissioned through 1942. Commander Prentice's training exercises often took the form of a support group able to reinforce the escort of convoys coming under attack.
In May 1941 she took part in the Canadian Navy's secret trials of diffused lighting camouflage, a technology for concealing ships from submarines at night.[8] On 12 May, she was fitted with an experimental anti-submarine radar, CSC, and used for experiments over the next week. On 13 May she gave an excellent demonstration of the usefulness of the system when fog made visibility Шаблон:Convert. She was able to give steering instructions that found the submarine dead ahead when the traditional plotters were convinced it was 28 degrees to one side.[9] This resulted in widespread availability of production SW-1C sets to escorts in 1942.[6]
On 23 June 1941, Chambly participated in defense of convoy HX 133, during the first battle of the Newfoundland Escort Force. A similar training exercise in September produced the first Canadian U-boat sinking when Шаблон:GS was destroyed during the battle for convoy SC 42.[6]
Commander Prentice in Chambly became the senior officer of Mid-Ocean Escort Force (MOEF) group C1 in August 1942 and remained in that position until assigned to Admiral Leonard W. Murray's staff when Chambly commenced yard overhaul in November. Following overhaul, Chambly participated in the battles for convoy KMS 11G and convoy MKS 10 with MOEF group C2 before assignment to Support Group 9. With Support Group 9, she narrowly avoided destruction when an acoustic torpedo exploded in the propeller wash of her wake during the battle for convoys ONS 18/ON 202.[6] After another yard overhaul in early 1944, Chambly escorted 16 trans-Atlantic convoys without loss before the end of the war.[10]
Trans-Atlantic convoys escorted
| Convoy | Escort Group | Dates | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| SC 99 | MOEF group C1 | 9–19 September 1942[11] | 59 ships escorted without loss from Newfoundland to Northern Ireland |
| ON 133 | MOEF group C1 | 26 September-5 October 1942[12] | 35 ships escorted without loss from Northern Ireland to Newfoundland |
| HX 211 | MOEF group C1 | 13–20 October 1942[13] | 29 ships escorted without loss from Newfoundland to Northern Ireland |
| ON 143 | MOEF group C1 | 2–11 November 1942[12] | 26 ships escorted without loss from Northern Ireland to Newfoundland |
| KMS 11G | MOEF group C2 | 14–24 March 1943[14] | Firth of Clyde to Mediterranean Sea; 1 ship sunk by aircraft |
| MKS 10 | MOEF group C2 | 27 March-5 April 1943[15] | Mediterranean to Liverpool; 1 ship torpedoed & sunk |
| HX 237 | MOEF group C2 | 7–16 May 1943[13] | 46 ships escorted without loss from Newfoundland to Northern Ireland |
| ON 186 | 25 May-2 June 1943[12] | 44 ships escorted without loss from Northern Ireland to Newfoundland | |
| HX 243 | 12–20 June 1943[13] | 76 ships escorted without loss from Newfoundland to Northern Ireland | |
| ON 191 | 2–7 July 1943[12] | 60 ships escorted without loss from Northern Ireland to Newfoundland | |
| HX 248 | 21–28 July 1943[13] | 89 ships escorted without loss from Newfoundland to Northern Ireland | |
| ON 196 | 9–16 August 1943[12] | 78 ships escorted without loss from Northern Ireland to Newfoundland | |
| Convoys ONS 18/ON 202 | Support Group 9 | 19–25 September 1943[12] | Northern Ireland to Newfoundland; 10 ships torpedoed (9 sank) |
| SC 143 | 2–11 October 1943[11] | Newfoundland to Northern Ireland: 1 ship torpedoed & sunk | |
| ONS 21 | 23 October-2 November 1943[12] | 33 ships escorted without loss from Northern Ireland to Newfoundland | |
| HX 291 | 15–27 May 1944[13] | 99 ships escorted without loss from Newfoundland to Northern Ireland | |
| ON 239 | 4–15 June 1944[12] | 97 ships escorted without loss from Northern Ireland to Newfoundland | |
| HX 296 | 24 June-2 July 1944[13] | 91 ships escorted without loss from Newfoundland to Northern Ireland | |
| ON 244 | 11–18 July 1944[12] | 56 ships escorted without loss from Northern Ireland to Newfoundland | |
| HX 301 | 30 July-8 August 1944[13] | 130 ships escorted without loss from Newfoundland to Northern Ireland | |
| ON 249 | 19–28 August 1944[12] | 153 ships escorted without loss from Northern Ireland to Newfoundland | |
| HX 306 | 6–17 September 1944[13] | 120 ships escorted without loss from Newfoundland to Northern Ireland | |
| ONS 33 | 30 September-10 October 1944[12] | 51 ships escorted without loss from Northern Ireland to Newfoundland | |
| HX 314 | 20–29 October 1944[13] | 63 ships escorted without loss from Newfoundland to Northern Ireland | |
| ON 265 | 10–19 November 1944[12] | 55 ships escorted without loss from Northern Ireland to Newfoundland | |
| HX 322 | 29 November-7 December 1944[13] | 38 ships escorted without loss from Newfoundland to Northern Ireland | |
| ON 273 | 19–30 December 1944[12] | 64 ships escorted without loss from Northern Ireland to Newfoundland | |
| HX 330 | 7–17 January 1945[13] | 45 ships escorted without loss from Newfoundland to Northern Ireland | |
| ONS 41 | 30 January-15 February 1945[12] | 34 ships escorted without loss from Northern Ireland to Newfoundland | |
| HX 339 | 23 February-3 March 1945[13] | 79 ships escorted without loss from Newfoundland to Northern Ireland | |
| ONS 44 | 12–27 March 1945[12] | 21 ships escorted without loss from Northern Ireland to Newfoundland |
Post war service
Chambly was decommissioned at the end of hostilities on 20 June 1945. After being refitted in Louisbourg, Nova Scotia, she was sold in 1946; the buyer planned to convert her into a whaling ship. The next available record from the Government of Canada states that she entered service as a Dutch civilian in 1954 as the Sonia Vinke.[16]
The ship was broken up by Recuperaciones Submarinas S.A beginning on 10 October 1966 in Santander, Spain.[17][18]
References
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 6,2 6,3 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 11,0 11,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 12,00 12,01 12,02 12,03 12,04 12,05 12,06 12,07 12,08 12,09 12,10 12,11 12,12 12,13 12,14 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 13,00 13,01 13,02 13,03 13,04 13,05 13,06 13,07 13,08 13,09 13,10 13,11 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокlentonне указан текст - ↑ Шаблон:Csr
