Английская Википедия:HMS Dartmouth (1911)

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HMS Dartmouth was a Шаблон:Sclass2 light cruiser built for the Royal Navy in the 1910s. She was one of the Weymouth sub-class of the Town class. The ship survived the First World War and was sold for scrap in 1930.

Construction and design

Dartmouth was laid down by Vickers at their Barrow shipyard on 19 February 1910, one of four Town-class protected cruisers ordered under the 1909–1910 Naval Estimates. The four 1909–10 ships, also known as the Weymouth class, were an improved version of five similar Town-class ships laid down under the 1908–1909 Estimates, known as the Bristol class, with a heavier main armament of eight 6 inch (152 mm) Mk XI guns, compared with the two 6 inch and ten 4 inch of the earlier ships.[1][2] The ships had a secondary armament of four Vickers 3-pounder (47 mm) guns, with two submerged 21 inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes mounted on the ships' beams.[1][3]

Dartmouth was Шаблон:Convert long overall, with a beam of Шаблон:Convert and a draught of Шаблон:Convert. She displaced Шаблон:Convert normal and Шаблон:Convert deep load. Machinery was the same as in the Bristol class, with 12 Yarrow boilers feeding Parsons steam turbines, driving four shafts. The turbines were laid out in three separate engine rooms, with high pressure turbines, located in wing compartments, driving the outer shafts and low pressure turbines in a central compartment. The engines were rated at Шаблон:Convert, giving a design speed of Шаблон:Convert. The ship had four funnels.[1][4]

Dartmouth was launched on 14 February 1911,[4][5][lower-alpha 1] reaching a speed of Шаблон:Convert during sea trials.[8] She was completed in October 1911,[1] at a cost of £320,406.[9]

Service history

Файл:Cruiser HMS Dartmouth - IWM Q 75373.jpg
Cruiser HMS Dartmouth

On commissioning, Dartmouth joined the Atlantic Fleet,[10] being attached to the Third Battle Squadron from 1912 to 1913.[1] After a 1913 cruise to the Mediterranean Sea, she was briefly attached to the Second Light Cruiser Squadron at Devonport to participate in the 1913 Naval Manoeuvres before leaving to join the East Indies Squadron of the Eastern Fleet.[1][11][12]

On the outbreak of the First World War, Dartmouth was docked at Bombay, but was soon returned to sea,[13] escorting a troop convoy from Karachi to Mombasa in Kenya and then taking part in the search for the German cruiser Шаблон:SMS. On 9 October that year she captured the German tug Adjutant in the Mozambique Channel.[1][14] On 30 October, the cruiser Шаблон:HMS spotted Königsberg moored up the Rufiji delta, and on 2 November, Dartmouth attempted to engage Königsberg or the supporting steamer Somali but the German ships were too far upstream to be successfully engaged.[15][16] On 10 November, the British scuttled the collier Newbridge in the Rufiji River as a blockship to prevent Königsberg from escaping, and on 11 November, Dartmouth left to reinforce the Cape of Good Hope Station in the aftermath of the Battle of Coronel.[17][14] In January 1915, Dartmouth was reassigned to the 2nd Light Cruiser Squadron of the Grand Fleet but was detached to operate in the South Atlantic in the search for the commerce raider Шаблон:SMS.[1][18] (Unknown to the Royal Navy, Karlsruhe had already been lost, sunk by an internal explosion on 4 November 1914 near Barbados.)[19]

In February 1915, Dartmouth was sent to join the forces operating off the Dardanelles in support of the Gallipoli Campaign.[1][18] On 15 March she suffered a boiler explosion that killed 15 of her crew.[20][21] Despite this damage, Dartmouth continued operations, and on 18 March Dartmouth patrolled off the West coast of the Gallipoli peninsula while a final attempt was made by the battleships of the fleet to force the straits during daylight. The attack was a failure, with three battleships sunk by mines, and several more ships heavily damages by mines or by Turkish gunfire. Dartmouth escorted the battlecruiser Шаблон:HMS, badly damaged by striking a mine, to Tenedos.[22][23] On 25 April, the Allies landed troops at Anzac Cove and Cape Helles on the Gallipoli peninsula, with Dartmouth taking part in a diversionary simulated landing further north, at Bulair.[22]

In May 1915, Dartmouth was reassigned to the 8th Light Cruiser Squadron at Brindisi, supporting Italian forces in the Adriatic Sea.[1][24] DartmouthШаблон:'s speed had been reduced to Шаблон:Convert by the boiler explosion in March,[25] and further boiler problems had reduced her speed to Шаблон:Convert by June 1915.[26] As a result, on 30 June Dartmouth paid off at Malta for a refit, not recommissioning until 1 October.[27] On 28 December 1915, an Austrian force of cruisers and destroyers raided the port of Durazzo in Albania, and Dartmouth, together with the Шаблон:Ship and several French destroyers, set off to intercept the returning Austrian force, later being joined by DartmouthШаблон:'s sister ship Шаблон:HMS and the Шаблон:Ship. In the resulting Battle off Durazzo, Dartmouth scored several hits on the Austrian cruiser Шаблон:SMS.[28]

On 14/15 May 1917, Dartmouth took part in the Battle of the Otranto Straits. A force of three Austro-Hungarian cruisers (Helgoland, Шаблон:SMS and Шаблон:SMS carried out an attack on the drifters of the Otranto Barrage, while two destroyers Шаблон:SMS and Шаблон:SMS carried out a diversionary attack against merchant shipping off Albania.[29] The two destroyers attacked an Italian convoy at about 03:30 Central European Time (CET), sinking the Italian destroyer Шаблон:Ship and the freighter Carrocio, with the main cruiser attack on the drifter line starting at about 04:20 CET, with 14 of the lightly armed drifters sunk and four more damaged.[30] Dartmouth, with the Italian Admiral Alfredo Acton, the overall commander of the Allied naval response aboard, left Brindisi at 05:36 CET in company with the Italian destroyers Шаблон:Ship and Шаблон:Ship, and was joined in the pursuit of the Austro-Hungarian cruisers by the Italian scout Шаблон:Ship and the British cruiser Шаблон:HMS.[31] Dartmouth was hit several times by shellfire from Austro-Hungarian cruisers which she was pursuing, and had to heave to. Returning to port she was hit by a torpedo from the German submarine Шаблон:Ship and began sinking. The order to abandon ship was given but a small team volunteered to remain on board manning the pumps while the Dartmouth was towed to port.

Dartmouth was drydocked and repaired and went on to survive the war, following which she was assigned to the America and West Indies Station, based at the Royal Naval Dockyard, on Ireland Island in the Imperial fortress colony of Bermuda, where she was damaged by a hurricane in 1922, while simultaneously fighting a fire.[32]

She was sold for scrapping on 13 December 1930 to Alloa Ship Breaking Company of Rosyth.[6][33]

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

Citations

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

External links

Шаблон:Town class cruiser 1910 Шаблон:May 1917 shipwrecks

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  1. ↑ 1,00 1,01 1,02 1,03 1,04 1,05 1,06 1,07 1,08 1,09 1,10 Gardiner and Gray 1985, p. 52.
  2. ↑ Brown 2010, pp. 63–64.
  3. ↑ Lyon Warship Vol. 1 No. 2, p. 57.
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 The Engineer 17 February 1911, p. 174.
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  6. ↑ 6,0 6,1 Dittmar and Colledge 1972, p. 45.
  7. ↑ Lyon Warship Vol. 1 No. 3, p. 50.
  8. ↑ Hythe 1912, p. 26.
  9. ↑ Hythe 1912, p. 187.
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  14. ↑ 14,0 14,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  15. ↑ The Naval Review Vol. 3 No. 3, pp. 481–483.
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Old Weather
  17. ↑ The Naval Review Vol. 3 No. 3, pp. 485–486.
  18. ↑ 18,0 18,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  19. ↑ Massie 2007, p. 286.
  20. ↑ Шаблон:Old Weather
  21. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  22. ↑ 22,0 22,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  23. ↑ Шаблон:Old Weather
  24. ↑ Halpern 2004, pp. 15–17.
  25. ↑ Naval Staff Monograph No. 21, p. 144.
  26. ↑ Naval Staff Monograph No. 21, p. 152.
  27. ↑ Naval Staff Monograph No. 21, pp. 178, 209.
  28. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  29. ↑ Halpern 1987, p. 358.
  30. ↑ Halpern 2004, pp. 54–56, 60–67.
  31. ↑ Halpern 2004, pp. 71–73.
  32. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  33. ↑ Lyon Warship Vol. 1 No. 3, p. 51.


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