Английская Википедия:HSwMS Niord

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Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship characteristics

HSwMS Niord was a Swedish first class coastal defence ship (Pansarskepp) of the Шаблон:Sclass. A follow-on to the name-ship of the class Шаблон:HSwMS, Niord differed in having improved Harvey steel armour and two additional casemate-mounted Шаблон:Convert guns. The vessel was launched in 1899 in Gothenburg. After an update completed in 1917 that radically altered the ship's appearance by replacing the two funnels with one, Niord was retired from front-line service in 1922. After serving as a barracks ship and tender supporting, in 1925, the seaplanes of what would become the Roslagen Air Corps, unemployed sailors in Stockholm in 1931 and the Cabin Boy Corps (Skeppsgossekåren) of Marstrand in 1935, the vessel was rearmed as an anti-aircraft battery during the Second World War. However, this service did not last long. Decommissioned in 1944, Niord was broken up in Karlskrona in 1945.

Design and development

Шаблон:Main The success of Шаблон:HSwMS led to the Swedish Navy ordering two similar vessels on 5 May 1896 to create a three-ship class of first-class coastal defence ships, or Pansarskeppen. The ships differed from their predecessor in having improved steel, which allowed a reduction of Шаблон:Convert in weight, and thus the addition of two more casemate-mounted Шаблон:Convert guns.Шаблон:Sfn A hallmark of the improved design was extensive use of electric power, with Niord having 13 electric motors, nearly twice as many as Oden.Шаблон:Sfn The three vessels are considered members of the same Шаблон:Sclass.Шаблон:Sfn As all the vessels were named after Æsir, the ships are also known as the mythological class.Шаблон:Sfn

Niord had an overall length of Шаблон:Convert and measured Шаблон:Convert at the waterline, a beam of Шаблон:Convert and a maximum draught of Шаблон:Convert. Displacement was Шаблон:Convert normal and Шаблон:Convert full load. Power was provided by six marine boilers feeding steam to two sets of triple-expansion steam engines provided by Motała AB and rated at Шаблон:Convert driving two shafts, giving a design speed of Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn During sea trials, on 29 January 1899, the vessel achieved Шаблон:Convert and in 1900, Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn Two funnels were fitted. A full load of Шаблон:Convert of coal was carried, which gave a design range of Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn After reconstruction, coal capacity was expanded to Шаблон:Convert, which gave a design range of Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert. The ship had a complement of 254 officers and ratings.Шаблон:Sfn

Armament consisted of two single Bofors Шаблон:Convert M1894 C guns mounted in turrets on the ship's centreline, one fore and the other aft. Each of the guns weighed Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn With an actual calibre of Шаблон:Convert, the guns were manufactured by Bofors from forgings provided by Whitworth, the first time the Swedish arms manufacturer had built a weapon of this size. They could fire a Шаблон:Convert shell at a muzzle velocity of Шаблон:Convert. The mounting, designated M1894, used electric training and manual elevation.Шаблон:Sfn Secondary armament consisted of six Bofors Шаблон:Convert guns mounted three each side singularly in casemates amidships. The central guns could traverse 136 degrees, while the outside weapons were limited to 115 degrees. The ship was also armed with a tertiary armament of ten single Bofors Шаблон:Convert guns, two on the forward bridge, four on the forward superstructure, two on the aft superstructure and two on the aft bridge. Two Шаблон:Convert machine guns were carried by the pinnaces and two Шаблон:Convert were mounted on the tops. A single submerged Шаблон:Convert torpedo tube was mounted in the bow.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

The armour was Harvey steel provided by John Brown & Company of Sheffield. It included a Шаблон:Convert-long armoured belt that was between Шаблон:Convert thick and Шаблон:Convert high. The main armament was protected by barbettes that were Шаблон:Convert thick and turrets Шаблон:Convert thick with a roof Шаблон:Convert thick. The secondary armament sat on barbettes protected by Шаблон:Convert nickel-steel armour, the turrets having a face Шаблон:Convert thick, sides Шаблон:Convert thick and a roof Шаблон:Convert thick. The armour on the casemates was Шаблон:Convert thick. The conning tower was protected by Шаблон:Convert armour and the deck was protected by two layers that had a combined thickness of Шаблон:Convert thick. Four Шаблон:Convert searchlights were carried.Шаблон:Sfn

Construction and career

Coastal defence ship Niord

Niord in 1937

Niord was ordered from the Lindholmens shipyard in Gothenburg at a cost of SEK 1,871,000, and named on 22 August 1896. Laid down in 1896, the ship was launched on 31 March 1898 and commissioned on 23 February 1899.Шаблон:Sfn The warship was not equipped as a flagship, but was designed to be converted if necessary.Шаблон:Sfn In 1902, bilge keels were added to aid stability.Шаблон:Sfn On 20 February 1904, the vessel was briefly activated in response to activity from the Imperial Russian Navy in response to the Russo-Japanese War but saw no action. Between 19 and 24 August 1906, the vessel joined sister ship Oden and other ships of the Swedish Navy to host the British Cruiser Squadron under Admiral Day Bosanquet at Gothenburg. During the same year, one Шаблон:Convert gun was added to each of the ship's boats and, on 16 September 1908, the Шаблон:Convert guns were removed from the tops. In 1914, the vessel was taken out of service and sent to Karlskrona to be upgraded.Шаблон:Sfn The funnels were replaced by a single funnel, which radically altered the vessel's appearance, and the arrangement of the bridge and conning tower was altered to help the gunnery observers. The tertiary armament, machine guns and torpedo tube were all removed. Instead, six upgraded Шаблон:Convert guns were mounted on the superstructure. New boilers were also fitted, which slightly improved performance.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Niord resumed service in 1917, and briefly provided support to Sweden's neutrality in the First World War, but this did not last long as there was limited opportunity to serve before the Armistice of 11 November 1918. Declared obsolete, the vessel was taken out of the front-line service and redeployed as a barracks ship in Karlskrona on 7 July 1922.Шаблон:Sfn On 22 August, Niord was re-equipped to also act as a tender and, on 12 May 1925, moved to Hägernäs to support the development of what would become the Roslagen Air Corps and their seaplanes, replacing the corvette Шаблон:HSwMS. However, soon after, on 25 June, the vessel was ordered to transfer to the naval school at Hårsfjärden, arriving on 13 February the following year to serve as a barracks ship for the cadets. On 4 December 1931, the ship was temporarily contracted to the Stockholm Municipality to provide accommodation for unemployed sailors due to the dramatic increase in unemployment that was occurring before being transferred to Marstrand on 11 April 1935 to serve as a base for the Cabin Boy Corps (Skeppsgossekåren). When the corps was closed down in 1939, Niord was towed back to Hårsfjärden to act as a barracks ship again.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

At the outbreak of the Second World War, the warship was assessed for viability and declared unfit for combat. However, the Navy felt that there was still the opportunity for the vessel to serve as an anti-aircraft battery and four [[Bofors 40 mm L/60 gun|Bofors Шаблон:Convert]] anti-aircraft guns were added. Niord saw no combat and, in 1944, was decommissioned and assigned as a target ship, finally being broken up at Karlskrona in 1945.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The ship's aft gun was transferred to the coastal artillery battery at Slite and finally to be an exhibit at the Marinmuseum on the island of Stumholmen.Шаблон:Sfn

Bibliography

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