Английская Википедия:Hack Wilson

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Good article Шаблон:Infobox baseball biography Lewis Robert "Hack" Wilson (April 26, 1900 – November 23, 1948) was an American Major League Baseball player who played 12 seasons for the New York Giants, Chicago Cubs, Brooklyn Dodgers and Philadelphia Phillies.[1] Despite his diminutive stature, he was one of the most accomplished power hitters in the game during the late 1920s and early 1930s.[2] His 1930 season with the Cubs is widely considered one of the most memorable individual single-season hitting performances in baseball history. Highlights included 56 home runs, the National League record for 68 years; and 191 runs batted in, a mark yet to be surpassed. "For a brief span of a few years," wrote a sportswriter of the day, "this hammered down little strongman actually rivaled the mighty Ruth."Шаблон:Sfn

While Wilson's combativeness and excessive alcohol consumption made him one of the most colorful sports personalities of his era,[3] his drinking and fighting undoubtedly contributed to a premature end to his athletic career and, ultimately, his premature death.[4][5] He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1979.[6]

Baseball career

Early life and minor leagues

Lewis Robert Wilson was born April 26, 1900, in the Pennsylvania steel mill town of Ellwood City, north of Pittsburgh.[7] His mother, Jennie Kaughn, 16, was an unemployed drifter from Philadelphia; his father, Robert Wilson, 24, was a steel worker. His parents never married; both were heavy drinkers, and in 1907 his mother died of appendicitis at the age of 24.Шаблон:Sfn

In 1916, Wilson left school to take a job at a locomotive factory, swinging a sledge hammer for four dollars a week.[2] Although only Шаблон:Height tall, he weighed Шаблон:Convert with an 18-inch neck, and feet that fit into size Шаблон:Fraction shoes. Sportswriter Shirley Povich later observed that he was "built along the lines of a beer keg, and was not wholly unfamiliar with its contents."[8] While his unusual physique was considered an oddity at the time,Шаблон:Sfn his large head, tiny feet, short legs and broad, flat face are now recognized as hallmarks of fetal alcohol syndrome.[9][10]

In 1921, Wilson moved to Martinsburg, West Virginia, to join the Martinsburg Mountaineers of the Class "D" Blue Ridge League.[11] After breaking his leg while sliding into home plate during his first professional game, he was moved from the catcher's position to the outfield.Шаблон:Sfn In 1922, he met Virginia Riddleburger, a 34-year-old office clerk; they married the following year.Шаблон:Sfn In 1923, playing for the "B" division Portsmouth Truckers, he led the Virginia League in hitting with a .388 batting average.[11][12] Late in the season, New York Giants manager John McGraw purchased his contract from Portsmouth for $10,500 ($Шаблон:Inflation in current dollar terms).[1]

New York Giants

Wilson made his major league debut with the Giants on September 29, 1923, at the age of 23, and became the starting left fielder the following season.[13] By mid-July he was ranked second in the National League (NL) in hitting.[14] He ended the season with a .295 average, 10 home runs, and 57 runs batted in (RBIs) as New York won the NL pennant.[1] In the 1924 World Series he averaged only .233 in a seven-game loss to the Washington Senators.[15]

Multiple stories exist to explain the origin of Wilson's nickname: by one account, a New York newspaper held a nicknaming contest; the winning entry was "Hack" because he reminded many fans of another stocky athlete, the popular wrestler Georg Hackenschmidt.[2] In another version, McGraw is said to have remarked that Wilson's physique was reminiscent of a "hack" (slang for taxicab in that era). Giants teammate Bill Cunningham claimed that the nickname was based on Wilson's resemblance to Hack Miller, an outfielder with the Chicago Cubs. The New York Times printed the first documented usage of "Hack" on June 10, 1924.Шаблон:Sfn

Early in the 1925 season, Wilson hit the longest home run on record at Ebbets Field against the Brooklyn Robins,[16] but fell into a slump in May, and was replaced in left field by Irish Meusel.[17] On July 2, he hit two home runs in one inning, tying Ken Williams' major league record set in 1922,[18] but his hitting slump continued. In August, McGraw told reporters that he had "... made the mistake of rushing [Wilson] along,"Шаблон:Sfn and sent him to the Giants' minor league affiliate, the Toledo Mud Hens of the American Association. At season's end, a front office oversight — or possibly, deliberate inactionШаблон:Sfn — left him unprotected on the Toledo roster, and the last-place Chicago Cubs acquired him on waivers.[19] "They let go the best outfielder I ever played alongside," said Giants right fielder Ross Youngs, "and they're going to regret it."Шаблон:Sfn

During the 1925 World Series — between the Senators and the Pittsburgh Pirates — Wilson's son, Robert, was born.Шаблон:Sfn

Glory years with the Cubs

Файл:Hack Wilson plaque.jpg
Plaque of Hack Wilson at the Baseball Hall of Fame

Wilson regained his form as the Cubs' center fielder in 1926, and he quickly became a favorite of Chicago fans.[20] On May 24, he hit the center field scoreboard with one of the longest home runs in Wrigley Field history as the Cubs came from behind to defeat the Boston Braves.[21] Later that evening, he made news again when he was arrested during a police raid of a Prohibition-era speakeasy while trying to escape through the rear window,[22] and was fined one dollar.Шаблон:Sfn He ended the season with a league-leading 21 home runs along with 36 doubles, 109 RBIs, a .321 batting average, and a .406 on-base percentage.[1] The Cubs improved to fourth place, and Wilson ended the year ranked fifth in voting for the NL's Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award.[23]

Файл:Lewis "Hack" Wilson from Sports Exchange All-Stars trade cards (W603) MET DPB882283 (cropped).jpg
Wilson circa 1929

Another strong performance followed in 1927 as Wilson once again led the league in home runs. Although the Cubs were in first place heading into the final month of the season, the team faltered and again finished fourth.[24] Wilson posted a .318 average with 30 home runs and 129 RBIs,[1] and led NL outfielders with 400 putouts.[25] He led the NL in home runs for a third consecutive year in 1928 with 31, along with 120 RBIs and a .313 average as the Cubs improved to third place.[1]

Wilson had a combative streak and sometimes initiated fights with opposing players and fans. On June 22, 1928, a near-riot broke out in the ninth inning at Wrigley Field against the St. Louis Cardinals when Wilson jumped into the box seats to attack a heckling fan.[26] An estimated 5,000 spectators swarmed the field before police could separate the combatants and restore order.[26] The fan sued Wilson for $20,000, but a jury ruled in Wilson's favor.[27] The following year, he took offense at a remark by Cincinnati Reds pitcher Ray Kolp, and — upon reaching first base after hitting a single — he charged into the Reds dugout, punching Kolp several times before they could be separated.[28] Later that evening at the train station, Wilson exchanged words and blows with Cincinnati player Pete Donohue.[28] In late 1929, he signed a contract to fight Art Shires of the Chicago White Sox in a boxing match,[29] but reneged after Cubs president William Veeck, Sr. enlisted Wilson's wife Virginia to dissuade him,Шаблон:Sfn and then Shires lost a fight to George Trafton of the Chicago Bears. There was nothing to gain, Wilson said, by fighting a defeated boxer.[30]

Wilson's "penchant for festivities" is also well documented. Biographer Clifton Blue Parker described him as "... the Roaring '20s epitome of a baseball player, primed for an age of American excess ... at a time when baseball was America's favorite sport."Шаблон:Sfn His love of drinking and partying did not endear him to Cubs owner William Wrigley, who abhorred alcohol consumption. (Wilson always insisted that he never played drunk; "hung over, yes; drunk, no."Шаблон:Sfn) Manager Joe McCarthy worked hard to shield Wilson from Wrigley, and to keep him on an even keel. "Better than any other manager," wrote sportswriter Frank Graham, "Joe understood Hack, made allowances for him when he failed, and rewarded him with praise when he did well. Joe could be strict and stern with his players ... but he never was with Hack, and Hack repaid him by playing as he never had before, nor would again."Шаблон:Sfn

In 1929, Wilson hit .345 with 39 home runs and a league-record 159 RBIs.[1][2] He and new teammate Rogers Hornsby (who also contributed 39 home runs) led the Cubs to their first NL pennant in eleven years. In the World Series against Connie Mack's Philadelphia Athletics, Wilson's .471 hitting performance was eclipsed by two fielding errors at Shibe Park. Though trailing the Series two games to one, the Cubs were leading by a score of 8–0 in the fourth game when the Athletics mounted a 10-run rally in the seventh inning. Wilson lost two fly balls in the sun; the second, with two runners on base, led to an inside-the-park home run by Mule Haas as the Athletics won 10–8.[31][32] After the game, McCarthy reportedly told a boy asking for a souvenir baseball, "Come back tomorrow and stand behind Wilson, and you'll be able to pick up all the balls you want!"[33][34] The Athletics won again the next day to take the Series in five games.[35]

1930 peak

Wilson's 1930 season, aided by a lively ball wound with special Australian wool, is considered one of the best single-season hitting performances in baseball history.[2][36] By the middle of July, he had accumulated 82 RBIs. In August, he hit 13 home runs and 53 RBIs, and by September 17 he had reached 174 RBIs, breaking Lou Gehrig's major league record established three years earlier.[2] He finished the season with 190 RBIs, along with a then-NL-record 56 home runs, .356 batting average, .454 on-base percentage, and league-leading .723 slugging percentage.[1] He was unofficially voted the NL's most "useful" player by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (which did not inaugurate its official MVP award until 1931).[37]

In 1999, the Commissioner of Baseball officially increased Wilson's 1930 RBI total to 191 after a box score analysis by baseball historian Jerome Holtzman revealed that Charlie Grimm had been mistakenly credited with an RBI actually driven home by Wilson during the second game of a doubleheader on July 28.[38] Wilson's 191 RBIs remains one of baseball's most enduring records; only Gehrig (185) and Hank Greenberg (184) ever came close, and there have been no serious challenges in the last 75 years (the best recent effort was 165 by Manny Ramirez in 1999).[39]

Reds catcher Clyde Sukeforth asserted that Wilson should have been credited with an additional home run in 1930 as well. "He hit one in Cincinnati one day," he said, "way up in the seats, hit it so hard that it bounced right back onto the field. The umpire had a bad angle on it and ruled that it had hit the screen and bounced back. I was sitting in the Cincinnati bullpen, and of course, we weren't going to say anything. But Hack really hit 57 that year."Шаблон:Sfn Wilson's official total of 56 stood as the NL record until the 1998 season, when it was broken by Sammy Sosa (66) and Mark McGwire (70).[40]

Decline

Wilson's success in the 1930 season served only to fuel his drinking habits, and in 1931 he reported to spring training 20 pounds overweight.[2] In addition, the NL responded to the prodigious offensive statistics of the previous year (the only season, other than 1894, in which the league as a whole batted over .300[41]) by introducing a heavier ball with raised stitching to allow pitchers to gain a better grip and throw sharper curveballs.[42] Wilson complained that the new Cubs manager, Hornsby, did not allow him to "swing away" as much as Joe McCarthy had.[43] He hit his 200th career home run at Ebbets Field on June 18 — only the fourth player ever to do so, behind Ruth, Cy Williams, and HornsbyШаблон:Sfn — but then fell into a protracted slump, and was benched in late May.[44] By late August, Wrigley publicly expressed his desire to trade him.[45] On September 6, he was suspended without pay for the remainder of the season after a fight with reporters aboard a train in Cincinnati.[46] He was hitting .261 with only 13 home runs (his 1930 production during August alone) at the time.[1]

In December 1931, the Cubs traded Wilson, along with Bud Teachout, to the St. Louis Cardinals for Burleigh Grimes.[1] Less than a month later, the Cardinals sent him to the Brooklyn Dodgers for minor league outfielder Bob Parham and $25,000 ($Шаблон:Inflation in current dollar terms).[1] Wilson hit .297 with 23 home runs and 123 RBIs for Brooklyn in 1932. He began 1933 with a ninth-inning game-winning pinch-hit inside-the-park grand slam home run at Ebbets Field—the first pinch-hit grand slam in Dodger history, and only the third inside-the-park pinch-hit grand slam in MLB history.[47] By season's end, his offensive totals had dropped substantially, and he was hitting .262 when the Dodgers released him mid-season in 1934.[1][48] The Philadelphia Phillies signed him immediately, but after just two hits in 20 at-bats he was released again a month later.[49] After a final season with the Albany Senators of the Class "A" New York–Pennsylvania League, Wilson retired at the age of 35.[11]

Career statistics

In a 12-year major league career, Wilson played in 1,348 games and accumulated 1,461 hits in 4,760 at-bats for a .307 career batting average and a .395 on-base percentage. He hit 244 home runs and batted in 1,063 runs, led the NL in home runs four times, and surpassed 100 RBIs six times. Defensively, he finished his career with a .965 fielding percentage.[1] For players Шаблон:Height or shorter, he has the most home runs for any player in major league history.[50]

Life after baseball

Файл:Hack Wilson's gravestone, Martinsburg, WV.jpg
Hack Wilson's grave marker, located in Rosedale Cemetery in Martinsburg, West Virginia.

Wilson returned to Martinsburg where he opened a pool hall, but encountered financial problems due to a failed sporting goods business venture, and then a rancorous divorce from Virginia.[2]Шаблон:Sfn By 1938, he was working as a bartender near Brooklyn's Ebbets Field where he sang for drinks, but had to quit when customers became too abusive.[51] A night club venture in suburban Chicago was another financial failure.[52] In 1944, he took a job as a good will ambassador for a professional basketball team in Washington, D.C., where he lamented that fans remembered his two dropped fly balls in the 1929 World Series far more vividly than his 56 home runs and 190 RBIs <sic> in 1930.[53] Unable to find work in professional baseball, he moved to Baltimore where he worked as a tool checker in an airplane manufacturing plant and later as a laborer for the City of Baltimore. When municipal authorities realized who he was, he was made the manager of a Baltimore public swimming pool.[54]

On October 4, 1948, Wilson was discovered unconscious after a fall in his home.[55] Though the accident did not appear serious at first, pneumonia and other complications developed and he died of internal hemorrhaging on November 23, 1948, at the age of 48.[3]

Wilson — once the highest-paid player in the National League[56] — died penniless; his son, Robert, refused to claim his remains. NL President Ford Frick finally sent money to cover his funeral expenses.[57][58] His gray burial suit was donated by the undertaker.[56] In marked contrast to Babe Ruth's funeral, which had been attended by thousands just three months earlier, only a few hundred people were present for Wilson's services.[59] He was buried in Rosedale Cemetery in the town where he made his professional playing debut, Martinsburg, West Virginia.[59]

Ten months later, Joe McCarthy organized a second, more complete memorial service, attended by Kiki Cuyler, Charlie Grimm, Nick Altrock and other players from the Cubs and the Martinsburg team (by then renamed the Blue Sox). A granite tombstone was unveiled, with the inscription, "One of Baseball's Immortals, Lewis R. (Hack) Wilson, Rests Here."Шаблон:Sfn[60]

One week before his death, Wilson gave an interview to CBS Radio which was reprinted in Chicago newspapers. In 1949, Charlie Grimm, the Cubs' new manager, posted a framed excerpt from that interview in the Cubs' clubhouse, where it remains.Шаблон:Sfn It reads, in part:

Talent isn't enough. You need common sense and good advice. If anyone tries to tell you different, tell them the story of Hack Wilson. [...] There are kids in and out of baseball who think because they have talent they have the world by the tail. It isn't so. Kids, don't be too big to accept advice. Don't let what happened to me happen to you.Шаблон:Sfn

In 1979, Wilson was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame by the Veterans Committee.[61] A Martinsburg street is named Hack Wilson Way in his honor,[62][63] and the access road to a large city park within his hometown, Ellwood City, Pennsylvania, is known as Hack Wilson Drive.[64]

See also

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References

Шаблон:Reflist

Further reading

External links

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  1. ↑ 1,00 1,01 1,02 1,03 1,04 1,05 1,06 1,07 1,08 1,09 1,10 1,11 1,12 Шаблон:Cite web
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6 2,7 Шаблон:Cite bookШаблон:Dead link
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite bookШаблон:Dead link
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite bookШаблон:Dead link
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  9. ↑ Collier, Gene. No One Stacks Up to Hack. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette archive Шаблон:Webarchive Retrieved March 28, 2011.
  10. ↑ Wickersham's Conscience. Wordpress.com archive Шаблон:Webarchive Retrieved March 28, 2011.
  11. ↑ 11,0 11,1 11,2 Шаблон:Cite web
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  18. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  19. ↑ Шаблон:Cite bookШаблон:Dead link
  20. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  21. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  22. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  23. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  24. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  25. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  26. ↑ 26,0 26,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  27. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  28. ↑ 28,0 28,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  29. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  30. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  31. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  32. ↑ Шаблон:Cite bookШаблон:Dead link
  33. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  34. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  35. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  36. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  37. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  38. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  39. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  40. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  41. ↑ National League year-by-year batting averages. Baseball-Reference.com Шаблон:Webarchive. Retrieved September 2, 2014.
  42. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  43. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  44. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  45. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  46. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  47. ↑ Hack Wilson Biography BaseballBiography.com
  48. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  49. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  50. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  51. ↑ Шаблон:Cite newsШаблон:Dead link
  52. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  53. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  54. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  55. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  56. ↑ 56,0 56,1 Berkow, I (September 5, 1998): On Baseball; Hack Wilson's Lesson Still Valid. New York Times archive Шаблон:Webarchive. Retrieved September 23, 2013.
  57. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  58. ↑ Шаблон:Cite bookШаблон:Dead link
  59. ↑ 59,0 59,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  60. ↑ Photos of Wilson's Art Deco-style grave monument can be viewed here. (A replica of his Hall of Fame plaque was added to the reverse side in 1982.) thedeadballera.com Шаблон:Webarchive. Retrieved September 23, 2013.
  61. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  62. ↑ Umstead, M (May 11, 2012). Martinsburg's heritage includes start of Hack Wilson's Hall of Fame career. The Herald Mail archive Шаблон:Webarchive Retrieved May 24, 2012
  63. ↑ West Virginia Department of Education web site Шаблон:Webarchive Retrieved May 24, 2012
  64. ↑ Borough of Ellwood City web site Шаблон:Webarchive Retrieved May 24, 2012
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